代码在调试模式下工作良好，但在正常运行时失败

Question

我在使用指针时经常遇到这种情况。今天我有一个代码有类似的问题。当我在调试模式下运行下面的代码时，代码执行得非常好，并且在代码块13.12

中正常退出。

当我尝试在正常模式下运行它时，它似乎正在获得分段错误，从而导致代码终止。代码基本上在print_board函数执行期间中断。但我不确定为什么会发生这种情况。

下面是我的代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define boardheight 8
#define boardwidth 8
struct Player_symbols{
    char symbol;
    char king_symbol;
};
struct Checker_piece{
    char king;
    int on_board;
    int num_moves;
    int player;
    struct Player_symbols* symbols;
};
int pieces_count[2] = {12,12};
struct Checker_piece* player_1_pieces;
struct Checker_piece* player_2_pieces;
void initialize_player_pieces(struct Checker_piece* player_pieces, struct Player_symbols* player_symbols, int player_num);
void initialize_board(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth],struct Checker_piece* player1,struct Checker_piece* player2);
void print_board(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth]);
int move_piece(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth], int x,int y,int player);
void continue_jumping(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth],int* y,int* x,int player);
int generate_destination(int x, int *dest_x, int *dest_y, int *dest_y_jump,int dest_y2,int dest_y2_jump,int move_flags,int player);
int main()
{
    struct Checker_piece*  checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth];
    //declare and initialize the Checker_piece structures by allocating memory dynamically using a dummy structure to determine its size
    player_1_pieces = malloc(12*sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
    player_2_pieces = malloc(12*sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
    struct Player_symbols *player_1_symbols,*player_2_symbols;
    player_1_symbols = malloc(sizeof (struct Player_symbols));
    player_2_symbols = malloc(sizeof (struct Player_symbols));
    //initialize the player symbols
    player_1_symbols->symbol = 'o';
    player_1_symbols->king_symbol = 'O';
    player_2_symbols->symbol = 'x';
    player_2_symbols->king_symbol = 'X';
    initialize_player_pieces(player_1_pieces,player_1_symbols,1);
    initialize_player_pieces(player_2_pieces,player_2_symbols,2);
    initialize_board(checker_board,player_1_pieces,player_2_pieces);
    print_board(checker_board);
    return 0;
}
void initialize_player_pieces(struct Checker_piece* player_pieces, struct Player_symbols* player_symbols, int player_num){
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 12; i++, player_pieces++ ) {
        player_pieces->king='N';
        player_pieces->num_moves=0;
        player_pieces->on_board=1;
        player_pieces->player=player_num;
        player_pieces->symbols= player_symbols;
    }
}
void initialize_board(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth],
                      struct Checker_piece* player1,struct Checker_piece* player2)
{
    int i, j;
    for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for(j = 0; j <= 7; j = j+2) {
            if(i == 0 || i % 2 == 0) {
                checker_board[i][j+1] = player1;
                checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
            } else {
                checker_board[i][j] = player1;
                checker_board[i][j+1] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
            }
            player1++;
        }
    }
    for(; i < 5; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < 8; j++){
            checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
        }
    }
    for(i = 5; i < 8; i++){
        for(j = 0; j <= 7; j = j+2){
            if(i == 0 || i % 2 == 0){
                checker_board[i][j+1] = player2;
                checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
            } else {
                checker_board[i][j] = player2;
                checker_board[i][j+1] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
            }
            player2++;
        }
    }
}
void print_board(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth]){
    int i = 0,j = 0;
    printf("n   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8n");
    printf(" |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|n");
    for(i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        printf("%d|",(i + 1));
        for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                if(checker_board[i][j]->king != 'r')
                    printf(" %c |",checker_board[i][j]->symbols->symbol);
                else
                    printf("   |");
        }
        printf("n");
        printf(" |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|n");
    }
}

Answer 1

查看源代码并使用调试器时，我已经确认了这个问题:1-在print_board()中，以下测试-if检查未使用''r'的值:

if(checker_board[i][j]->king != 'r')

2-在initialize_board()中，至少对于'king'参数，所有malloc()都没有初始化:

void initialize_board(struct Checker_piece* checker_board[boardheight][boardwidth],
                      struct Checker_piece* player1,struct Checker_piece* player2)
{
    int i, j;
    for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for(j = 0; j <= 7; j = j+2) {
            if(i == 0 || i % 2 == 0) {
                checker_board[i][j+1] = player1;
                checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
                // init at least the king to 'r'
                checker_board[i][j]->king = 'r';
            } else {
                checker_board[i][j] = player1;
                checker_board[i][j+1] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
                checker_board[i][j+1]->king = 'r';
            }
            player1++;
        }
    }
    for(; i < 5; i++){
        for(j = 0; j < 8; j++){
            checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
            checker_board[i][j]->king = 'r';
        }
    }
    for(i = 5; i < 8; i++){
        for(j = 0; j <= 7; j = j+2){
            if(i == 0 || i % 2 == 0){
                checker_board[i][j+1] = player2;
                checker_board[i][j] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
                checker_board[i][j]->king = 'r';
            } else {
                checker_board[i][j] = player2;
                checker_board[i][j+1] = malloc(sizeof (struct Checker_piece));
                checker_board[i][j+1]->king = 'r';
            }
            player2++;
        }
    }
}