在从所述后台服务接收到所述响应之后刷新活动

假设您使用的是真正的服务，而不是AsyncTask。

使用BroadcastReceiver模式。在您的服务中发送广播。

LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).sendBroadcast(new Intent("data_changed"));

在包含您的listview 的活动中声明您的接收器

  private BroadcastReceiver dataChangeReceiver= new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // update your listview
    }
};

注册和注销

    @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    IntentFilter inF = new IntentFilter("data_changed");
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(dataChangeReceiver,inF);

}
 @Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).unregisterReceiver(dataChangeReceiver);
}

尝试CursorLoader。Loader监视数据源，并在内容更改时带来新结果

来自官方参考的示例

以下是显示ListView的Fragment的完整实现包含针对联系人内容的查询结果提供商。它使用CursorLoader来管理提供者上的查询

public static class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
        implements OnQueryTextListener, OnCloseListener,
        LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
    // This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
    SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
    // The SearchView for doing filtering.
    SearchView mSearchView;
    // If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
    String mCurFilter;
    @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        // Give some text to display if there is no data.  In a real
        // application this would come from a resource.
        setEmptyText("No phone numbers");
        // We have a menu item to show in action bar.
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
        // Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
        mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null,
                new String[] { Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS },
                new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0);
        setListAdapter(mAdapter);
        // Start out with a progress indicator.
        setListShown(false);
        // Prepare the loader.  Either re-connect with an existing one,
        // or start a new one.
        getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
    }
    public static class MySearchView extends SearchView {
        public MySearchView(Context context) {
            super(context);
        }
        // The normal SearchView doesn't clear its search text when
        // collapsed, so we will do this for it.
        @Override
        public void onActionViewCollapsed() {
            setQuery("", false);
            super.onActionViewCollapsed();
        }
    }
    @Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
        // Place an action bar item for searching.
        MenuItem item = menu.add("Search");
        item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search);
        item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM
                | MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_COLLAPSE_ACTION_VIEW);
        mSearchView = new MySearchView(getActivity());
        mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
        mSearchView.setOnCloseListener(this);
        mSearchView.setIconifiedByDefault(true);
        item.setActionView(mSearchView);
    }
    public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
        // Called when the action bar search text has changed.  Update
        // the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query
        // with this filter.
        String newFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
        // Don't do anything if the filter hasn't actually changed.
        // Prevents restarting the loader when restoring state.
        if (mCurFilter == null && newFilter == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (mCurFilter != null && mCurFilter.equals(newFilter)) {
            return true;
        }
        mCurFilter = newFilter;
        getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this);
        return true;
    }
    @Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
        // Don't care about this.
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onClose() {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mSearchView.getQuery())) {
            mSearchView.setQuery(null, true);
        }
        return true;
    }
    @Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Insert desired behavior here.
        Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id);
    }
    // These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
    static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
        Contacts._ID,
        Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME,
        Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS,
        Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE,
        Contacts.PHOTO_ID,
        Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
    };
    public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
        // This is called when a new Loader needs to be created.  This
        // sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
        // First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
        // currently filtering.
        Uri baseUri;
        if (mCurFilter != null) {
            baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
                    Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
        } else {
            baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
        }
        // Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
        // creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
        String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
                + Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
                + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
        return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
                CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
                Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
    }
    public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
        // Swap the new cursor in.  (The framework will take care of closing the
        // old cursor once we return.)
        mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
        // The list should now be shown.
        if (isResumed()) {
            setListShown(true);
        } else {
            setListShownNoAnimation(true);
        }
    }
    public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
        // This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
        // above is about to be closed.  We need to make sure we are no
        // longer using it.
        mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
    }
}