如何使用 ctypes 中的 IFileOperation

Question

我想使用 IFileOperation 从 python 代码中复制文件 -

• 它很快(比蟒蛇还快(
• 你会得到一个很好的对话
• 不会阻止 Python

在 Windows 10， Python 3.8 上 -

import ctypes
ctypes.windll.shell32.IFileOperation

似乎不存在。

如何使用ctypes访问IFileOperation(不是已弃用的SHFileOperationAPI(？

Answer 1

当然，它位于pythoncom中，shell常量，例如：

from win32com.shell import shell
import pythoncom
# create an instance of IFileOperation
fo = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(shell.CLSID_FileOperation, None, pythoncom.CLSCTX_ALL, shell.IID_IFileOperation)
# here you can use SetOperationFlags, progress Sinks, etc.
# create an instance of IShellItem for the source item
item1 = shell.SHCreateItemFromParsingName("c:\temp\source.txt", None, shell.IID_IShellItem)
# create an instance of IShellItem for the target folder
folder = shell.SHCreateItemFromParsingName("c:\another", None, shell.IID_IShellItem)
# queue the copy operation
fo.CopyItem(item1, folder, "new name.txt", None)
# commit
fo.PerformOperations()

Answer 2

这个问题让我走上了正轨，因为它表明 COM 加载 Windows 功能实际上是可以从 ctypes 获得的，尽管它需要更多的工作。

该问题使用组合。GUID 作为唯一的(非标准(依赖项。

看看 comtypes 本身，它是纯粹的 python 并使用 ctypes(用于 CoCreateInstance 和其他所有内容(，并且可以找到加载和处理 COM 对象所需的 windows 函数的路径，特别是 -

import ctypes
ctypes.oledll.ole32.CoCreateInstance()

CLSID需要明确提出，如所提到的问题 -

IID_IFileOperation  = '{947AAB5F-0A5C-4C13-B4D6-4BF7836FC9F8}'
CLSID_FileOperation = '{3AD05575-8857-4850-9277-11B85BDB8E09}'

总而言之，comtypes是一个小型的纯python库，对于这项任务来说似乎已经足够了，如果不想修改ctypes，粘贴GUID或者不介意依赖关系。

但是，正如 comtypes 本身所证明的那样，这在 ctypes 中是完全可以实现的，但需要注意的是可能必须手动添加 GUID -

from ctypes import *
BYTE, WORD, DWORD = c_byte, c_ushort, c_ulong
_StringFromCLSID = oledll.ole32.StringFromCLSID
_ProgIDFromCLSID = oledll.ole32.ProgIDFromCLSID
_CLSIDFromString = oledll.ole32.CLSIDFromString
_CLSIDFromProgID = oledll.ole32.CLSIDFromProgID
_CoCreateGuid    = oledll.ole32.CoCreateGuid
_CoTaskMemFree   = windll.ole32.CoTaskMemFree
class GUID(Structure):
_fields_ = [("Data1", DWORD),
("Data2", WORD),
("Data3", WORD),
("Data4", BYTE * 8)]
def __init__(self, name=None):
if name is not None:
_CLSIDFromString(unicode(name), byref(self))
def __repr__(self):
return u'GUID("%s")' % unicode(self)
def __unicode__(self):
p = c_wchar_p()
_StringFromCLSID(byref(self), byref(p))
result = p.value
_CoTaskMemFree(p)
return result
__str__ = __unicode__
def __cmp__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, GUID):
return cmp(bytes(self), bytes(other))
return -1
def __nonzero__(self):
return self != GUID_null
def __eq__(self, other):
return isinstance(other, GUID) and 
bytes(self) == bytes(other)
def __hash__(self):
# We make GUID instances hashable, although they are mutable.
return hash(bytes(self))
def copy(self):
return GUID(unicode(self))
def from_progid(cls, progid):
"""Get guid from progid, ...
"""
if hasattr(progid, "_reg_clsid_"):
progid = progid._reg_clsid_
if isinstance(progid, cls):
return progid
elif isinstance(progid, basestring):
if progid.startswith("{"):
return cls(progid)
inst = cls()
_CLSIDFromProgID(unicode(progid), byref(inst))
return inst
else:
raise TypeError("Cannot construct guid from %r" % progid)
from_progid = classmethod(from_progid)
def as_progid(self):
"Convert a GUID into a progid"
progid = c_wchar_p()
_ProgIDFromCLSID(byref(self), byref(progid))
result = progid.value
_CoTaskMemFree(progid)
return result
def create_new(cls):
"Create a brand new guid"
guid = cls()
_CoCreateGuid(byref(guid))
return guid
create_new = classmethod(create_new)