python 2/3升级后运行django测试时出错，unittest.loarder._FailedTest

Question

我正在帮助我的团队将他们的应用程序从python 2升级到python 3，并且在单元测试中遇到了错误。当我用运行测试时

python3 manage.py test groupapp --settings=settings.deploy_dev

我得到下面的错误。但如果我使用

python3 manage.py test groupapp.tests --settings=settings.deploy_dev

不会出现错误。值得注意的是，即使在我从测试文件夹中删除了所有测试之后，这些错误也会发生，而且据我所知，它们没有连接到实际的测试用例。

我不明白python 3中这两个调用之间的区别。在python 2中，如果我运行这两个调用，我会得到相同的结果(没有测试失败(。

groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin (unittest.loader._FailedTest) ... ERROR
groupapp_v2.groupapp.models (unittest.loader._FailedTest) ... ERROR
======================================================================
ERROR: groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin (unittest.loader._FailedTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError: Failed to import test module: groupapp_v2.groupapp.admin
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 462, in _find_test_path
package = self._get_module_from_name(name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 369, in _get_module_from_name
__import__(name)
File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/admin/__init__.py", line 73, in <module>
admin.site.register(Grid, GridAdmin)
File "/Users/matthew/virtualenv/groupapp-python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py", line 110, in register
raise AlreadyRegistered('The model %s is already registered' % model.__name__)
django.contrib.admin.sites.AlreadyRegistered: The model Grid is already registered

======================================================================
ERROR: groupapp_v2.groupapp.models (unittest.loader._FailedTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError: Failed to import test module: groupapp_v2.groupapp.models
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 462, in _find_test_path
package = self._get_module_from_name(name)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/unittest/loader.py", line 369, in _get_module_from_name
__import__(name)
File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/models/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
from .deployable import *
File "/Users/matthew/bitbucket/consortium-website/groupapp_v2/groupapp/models/deployable.py", line 22, in <module>
class Keyword_LibraryM2M(Model):
File "/Users/matthew/virtualenv/groupapp-python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 118, in __new__
"INSTALLED_APPS." % (module, name)
RuntimeError: Model class groupapp_v2.groupapp.models.deployable.Keyword_LibraryM2M doesn't declare an explicit app_label and isn't in an application in INSTALLED_APPS.```

Answer 1

unittest(默认的Django测试运行程序(中的测试发现从2.7到3发生了很大变化。事实上，您试图做的是从Django文档中调用测试的两种不同方式：

# Run all the tests in the animals.tests module
$ ./manage.py test animals.tests
# Run all the tests found within the 'animals' package
$ ./manage.py test animals

你的应用程序可能有更多的测试发现，那些你明确告诉运行者运行的测试，这不是你的应用的问题，只是库的问题。