尝试在具有 3 段显示的 Pi3 上运行计数器时" " "TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars"""

Question

我目前正在为RPi-3编写一个简单的计数程序，带有七段显示。我有两种方法从1数到10，一种是手动的，总是点亮我需要的单个片段，另一种是基于numpy矩阵的方法。

手动方式工作得很好，但我有问题与矩阵的方式做它。下面是代码和一些解释，以便理解:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import numpy
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(31, GPIO.OUT)  #up right
GPIO.setup(32, GPIO.OUT)  #up
GPIO.setup(33, GPIO.OUT)  #up left
GPIO.setup(35, GPIO.OUT)  #middle
GPIO.setup(36, GPIO.OUT)  #down right
GPIO.setup(37, GPIO.OUT)  #down left
GPIO.setup(38, GPIO.OUT)  #decimal point(in the bottom right corner)
GPIO.setup(40, GPIO.OUT)  #down
def all_off():                 #turns all segments off, works as well!
    GPIO.output(31, False)
    GPIO.output(32, False)
    GPIO.output(33, False)
    GPIO.output(35, False)
    GPIO.output(36, False)
    GPIO.output(37, False)
    GPIO.output(38, False)
    GPIO.output(40, False)
matrix = numpy.matrix([[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],  #those are the combinations
                      [1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1],   #from one to nine and finishing
                      [1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1],   #with zero
                      [1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0],   #first number of a line is value for Pin31 then 32,
                      [0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1],   #33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40
                      [0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0],   #combinations are correct, btw!
                      [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1]])
def set_to(byte):
    all_off()
    GPIO.output(31, int(byte[0]))  #<-- this is the line where the error 
    GPIO.output(32, int(byte[1]))  #occurs
    GPIO.output(33, int(byte[2]))
    GPIO.output(35, int(byte[3]))
    GPIO.output(36, int(byte[4]))
    GPIO.output(37, int(byte[5]))
    GPIO.output(38, int(byte[6]))
    GPIO.output(40, int(byte[7]))
for line in matrix:      #the actual counting program
    set_to(matrix[line])
    time.sleep(1)
GPIO.cleanup()

问题显然是，数组不能被读取?我不知道问题是什么，也不知道该怎么解决这个问题。它似乎与矩阵的"线"有关，只是另一个矩阵(只有一条线)。

我真的不知道该怎么办，请帮帮我!

Answer 1

我已经改变了策略，现在使用numpy数组。现在我有一个工作代码:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import numpy
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(31, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(32, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(33, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(35, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(36, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(37, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(38, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(40, GPIO.OUT)  
pinlist = [(31, 0), (32, 1) ,(33, 2) ,(35, 3) ,(36, 4) ,(37, 5) ,(38, 6), (40, 7)]
def all_off():
    GPIO.output(31, False)
    GPIO.output(32, False)
    GPIO.output(33, False)
    GPIO.output(35, False)
    GPIO.output(36, False)
    GPIO.output(37, False)
    GPIO.output(38, False)
    GPIO.output(40, False)
matrix = numpy.array([[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],
                      [1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1],
                      [1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0],
                      [0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1],
                      [0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1]])
for i in range(0, 9):
    all_off()
    for (pin, j) in pinlist:
        GPIO.output(pin, int(matrix[i][j]))
    time.sleep(0.25)
GPIO.cleanup()

操作如下:

我创建了所有Pin的列表及其编号(打包在元组中)。这些元组由大的for循环内部的for循环读取。现在我引用数组中单个点的"坐标"。这意味着，它有点慢(你可以看到单个片段的弹出)，但幸运的是，我不需要关心!

无论如何，非常感谢您的支持!