[scikit learn]:异常检测 - OneClassSVM 的替代方案



我已经从sklearn框架中实现了LinearSVC和SVC,用于文本分类。我正在使用 TfidfVectorizer 来获取由两个不同类(良性数据和恶意数据)组成的输入数据的稀疏表示。这部分工作得很好,但现在我想通过使用 OneClassSVM 分类器并训练只有一个类的模型(异常值检测......不幸的是,它不适用于稀疏数据。一些开发人员正在开发补丁(https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/pull/1586),但存在一些错误,因此尚无使用OneClassSVM实现的解决方案。

sklearn框架中还有其他方法可以做这样的事情吗?我正在查看这些示例,但似乎没有什么合适的。

谢谢!

有点晚了,但万一其他人正在寻找这方面的信息......这里有一个针对 sklearn 的第三方异常检测模块:http://www.cit.mak.ac.ug/staff/jquinn/software/lsanomaly.html,基于最小二乘方法。它应该是OneClassSVM的插件替代品。

不幸的是,scikit-learn目前只实现了一类SVM和用于异常值检测的鲁棒协方差估计器

您可以通过检查 2d 数据的差异来尝试比较这些方法(如文档中提供):

import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
import matplotlib.font_manager
from scipy import stats
from sklearn import svm
from sklearn.covariance import EllipticEnvelope
# Example settings
n_samples = 200
outliers_fraction = 0.25
clusters_separation = [0, 1, 2]
# define two outlier detection tools to be compared
classifiers = {
    "One-Class SVM": svm.OneClassSVM(nu=0.95 * outliers_fraction + 0.05,
                                     kernel="rbf", gamma=0.1),
    "robust covariance estimator": EllipticEnvelope(contamination=.1)}
# Compare given classifiers under given settings
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-7, 7, 500), np.linspace(-7, 7, 500))
n_inliers = int((1. - outliers_fraction) * n_samples)
n_outliers = int(outliers_fraction * n_samples)
ground_truth = np.ones(n_samples, dtype=int)
ground_truth[-n_outliers:] = 0
# Fit the problem with varying cluster separation
for i, offset in enumerate(clusters_separation):
    np.random.seed(42)
    # Data generation
    X1 = 0.3 * np.random.randn(0.5 * n_inliers, 2) - offset
    X2 = 0.3 * np.random.randn(0.5 * n_inliers, 2) + offset
    X = np.r_[X1, X2]
    # Add outliers
    X = np.r_[X, np.random.uniform(low=-6, high=6, size=(n_outliers, 2))]
    # Fit the model with the One-Class SVM
    pl.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
    for i, (clf_name, clf) in enumerate(classifiers.iteritems()):
        # fit the data and tag outliers
        clf.fit(X)
        y_pred = clf.decision_function(X).ravel()
        threshold = stats.scoreatpercentile(y_pred,
                                            100 * outliers_fraction)
        y_pred = y_pred > threshold
        n_errors = (y_pred != ground_truth).sum()
        # plot the levels lines and the points
        Z = clf.decision_function(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
        Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
        subplot = pl.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
        subplot.set_title("Outlier detection")
        subplot.contourf(xx, yy, Z, levels=np.linspace(Z.min(), threshold, 7),
                         cmap=pl.cm.Blues_r)
        a = subplot.contour(xx, yy, Z, levels=[threshold],
                            linewidths=2, colors='red')
        subplot.contourf(xx, yy, Z, levels=[threshold, Z.max()],
                         colors='orange')
        b = subplot.scatter(X[:-n_outliers, 0], X[:-n_outliers, 1], c='white')
        c = subplot.scatter(X[-n_outliers:, 0], X[-n_outliers:, 1], c='black')
        subplot.axis('tight')
        subplot.legend(
            [a.collections[0], b, c],
            ['learned decision function', 'true inliers', 'true outliers'],
            prop=matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(size=11))
        subplot.set_xlabel("%d. %s (errors: %d)" % (i + 1, clf_name, n_errors))
        subplot.set_xlim((-7, 7))
        subplot.set_ylim((-7, 7))
    pl.subplots_adjust(0.04, 0.1, 0.96, 0.94, 0.1, 0.26)
pl.show()

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