如何使用 Tkinter 在屏幕上显示游戏

Question

我正在编写一个Flappy Bird克隆，但无论我做什么，如果鸟碰到管道，我都无法在屏幕上显示游戏。我不认为这会很困难，但确实如此。我设法获得了一个带有首次亮相和快速功能和画布的开始屏幕。 但是，我不知道如何做相反的事情：如果游戏结束，则显示图像/按钮或文本。

提前感谢您的帮助，希望解决方案很简单，但我只是没有找到它。

我试图管理图像显示，但图像就是没有出现......

这是游戏的图片(这是一个媒体火链接，用于下载图片的zip文件(！

这是图片

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from tkinter import *
import random
from random import randint
def sauter(event):
    canvas.move(image_oiseau, 0, -10*DY)
def deplacement():
    global mouvement
    global tuyx,tuyx2,h,H,oisx,oisy,solx,sol2x,score
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = canvas.bbox(image_oiseau)
    if y1 < 416 :
        canvas.move(image_oiseau, 0, DY)
    else :
        fin()
    if y1<=-5:
        fin()
    canvas.coords(image_sol,solx,512)  
    if solx >= -144:
        solx=solx-5
    else:
        solx=144
    canvas.coords(image_sol2,sol2x,512)
    if sol2x >= 144:
        sol2x=sol2x-5
    else:
        sol2x=432
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_haut,tuyx,h)
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_bas,tuyx,h-379.8)
    if tuyx>=-28:
        tuyx=tuyx-5
    else:
        tuyx=316
        h=randint(272,523)
        score+=1
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_haut2,tuyx2,H)
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_bas2,tuyx2,H-379.8)
    if tuyx2>=-28:
        tuyx2=tuyx2-5
    else:
        tuyx2=316
        H=randint(272,523)
        score+=1
    collision()
    lscore.config(text=str(score))    
    mouvement =canvas.after(40,deplacement)    
def collision():
    global liste_coords
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = canvas.bbox(image_oiseau)
    liste_coords=canvas.coords(image_oiseau)
    liste_items=canvas.find_overlapping(x0,y0,x1,y1)
    test_collision=False
    if len(liste_items)>3:
        for x in liste_items :
            if x != image_oiseau:
                test_collision=True
                break
    if test_collision==True:
        fin()       
def debut():
    pause=1 
    if pause==1:
        deplacement()
        canvas.bind("<space>",sauter)
        Eclair.destroy()
        Jouer.destroy()
        canvas.delete(image_menu_jeu)
def rapide():
    debut()
    debut()
    Eclair.destroy()
    Jouer.destroy()
    canvas.delete(image_menu_jeu)

def rejouer():
    global tuyx,tuyx2,oisx,oisy,solx,sol2x,score,finx,finy
    tuyx=316
    tuyx2=488
    oisx=67
    oisy=244
    solx=144
    sol2x=432
    score=0 
    finx=1000
    finy=1000
    canvas.coords(image_menu_fin,finx,finy)
def fin():
    pause=0
    if pause==0:
        canvas.after_cancel(mouvement)
        canvas.unbind("<space>",sauter)
        finx=144
        finy=256
        canvas.coords(image_menu_fin,finx,finy)
def debut2():
    pause=1 
    if pause==1:
        rejouer()
        deplacement()
        canvas.bind("<space>",sauter)
def rapide2():
    debut2()
    debut2()
LARGEUR = 286
HAUTEUR = 510
DY = 5
tuyx=316
tuyx2=488 
h=randint(272,523)
H=randint(272,523)
oisx=67
oisy=244
solx=144
sol2x=432
score=0
mouvement=None
finx=1000
finy=1000
fenetre = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(fenetre, width=LARGEUR, height=HAUTEUR)
fond = PhotoImage(file="background-day.png")
fond2 = PhotoImage(file="background-night.png")
fond=[fond,fond2]
F= random.choice(fond)
canvas.create_image(144,256, anchor=CENTER,image=F)
tuyau_haut = PhotoImage(file="tuyau_vers_le_haut.png")
image_tuyau_haut = canvas.create_image(tuyx,h,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_haut)
image_tuyau_haut2 = canvas.create_image(tuyx2,H,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_haut)
tuyau_bas = PhotoImage(file="tuyau_vers_le_bas.png")
image_tuyau_bas = canvas.create_image(tuyx,h,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_bas)
image_tuyau_bas2 = canvas.create_image(tuyx2,H,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_bas)
sol = PhotoImage(file="sol-day.png")
image_sol = canvas.create_image(144,512, anchor=S,image=sol)
image_sol2 = canvas.create_image(432,512, anchor=S,image=sol)
oiseau = PhotoImage(file="yellowbird-midflap.png")
oiseau2 = PhotoImage(file="bluebird-midflap.png")
oiseau3 = PhotoImage(file="redbird-midflap.png")
oiseau=[oiseau,oiseau2,oiseau3]
O=random.choice(oiseau)
image_oiseau=canvas.create_image(oisx,oisy, anchor=W,image=O) 
lscore=Label(fenetre,text='0')
lscore.pack()
bouton_play=PhotoImage(file="bouton_play.gif")
Jouer=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_play,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=debut)
canvas.create_window(77.55,364,window=Jouer)
bouton_eclair=PhotoImage(file="bouton_eclair.gif")
Eclair=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_eclair,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=rapide)
canvas.create_window(210.45,364,window=Eclair)  
bouton_quitter=PhotoImage(file="bouton_quitter.png")
Quitter=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_quitter,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=fenetre.destroy)
canvas.create_window(255.5,29.63,window=Quitter) 
menu_jeu = PhotoImage(file="menu_jeu.png")
image_menu_jeu = canvas.create_image(144,256,anchor=CENTER,image=menu_jeu)
menu_fin = PhotoImage(file="menu_fin.png")
image_menu_fin = canvas.create_image((finx,finy),anchor=CENTER,image=menu_fin)
canvas.pack()
canvas.focus_set()

fenetre.mainloop() 

Answer 1

您使用canvas.unbind("<space>")而不是canvas.unbind("<space>",sauter)，这给出了错误消息。现在您应该看到游戏结束图像。

---

管道在移动。

您需要global pause fin()、debut()、debut2()。
并在deplacement中使用pause来停止动画。

if pause == 1:
    mouvement = canvas.after(40,deplacement)

您可以使用after_cancel来阻止它，但它无法停止运行函数。它从等待执行的函数列表中删除函数。但是deplacement可能会在您使用after_cancel的那一刻运行，并且它会在您after_cancel后使用after() - 因此它不会停止。

---

而不是pause = 0，pause = 1你可以使用pause = False，pause = True

---

完整代码：

from tkinter import *
import random
from random import randint
def sauter(event):
    canvas.move(image_oiseau, 0, -10*DY)
def deplacement():
    global mouvement
    global tuyx,tuyx2,h,H,oisx,oisy,solx,sol2x,score
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = canvas.bbox(image_oiseau)
    if y1 < 416 :
        canvas.move(image_oiseau, 0, DY)
    else :
        fin()
    if y1<=-5:
        fin()
    canvas.coords(image_sol,solx,512)
    if solx >= -144:
        solx=solx-5
    else:
        solx=144
    canvas.coords(image_sol2,sol2x,512)
    if sol2x >= 144:
        sol2x=sol2x-5
    else:
        sol2x=432
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_haut,tuyx,h)
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_bas,tuyx,h-379.8)
    if tuyx>=-28:
        tuyx=tuyx-5
    else:
        tuyx=316
        h=randint(272,523)
        score+=1
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_haut2,tuyx2,H)
    canvas.coords(image_tuyau_bas2,tuyx2,H-379.8)
    if tuyx2>=-28:
        tuyx2=tuyx2-5
    else:
        tuyx2=316
        H=randint(272,523)
        score+=1
    collision()
    lscore.config(text=str(score))
    if pause == 1:
        mouvement = canvas.after(40,deplacement)
def collision():
    global liste_coords
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = canvas.bbox(image_oiseau)
    liste_coords=canvas.coords(image_oiseau)
    liste_items=canvas.find_overlapping(x0,y0,x1,y1)
    test_collision=False
    if len(liste_items)>3:
        for x in liste_items :
            if x != image_oiseau:
                test_collision=True
                break
    if test_collision==True:
        fin()
def debut():
    global pause
    pause=1
    if pause==1:
        deplacement()
        canvas.bind("<space>",sauter)
        Eclair.destroy()
        Jouer.destroy()
        canvas.delete(image_menu_jeu)
def rapide():
    debut()
    debut()
    Eclair.destroy()
    Jouer.destroy()
    canvas.delete(image_menu_jeu)

def rejouer():
    global tuyx,tuyx2,oisx,oisy,solx,sol2x,score,finx,finy
    tuyx=316
    tuyx2=488
    oisx=67
    oisy=244
    solx=144
    sol2x=432
    score=0
    finx=1000
    finy=1000
    canvas.coords(image_menu_fin,finx,finy)
def fin():
    global pause
    pause=0
    if pause==0:
        canvas.after_cancel(mouvement)
        canvas.unbind("<space>")#,sauter)
        finx=144
        finy=256
        canvas.coords(image_menu_fin,finx,finy)
def debut2():
    global pause
    pause=1
    if pause==1:
        rejouer()
        deplacement()
        canvas.bind("<space>",sauter)
def rapide2():
    debut2()
    debut2()
LARGEUR = 286
HAUTEUR = 510
DY = 5
tuyx=316
tuyx2=488
h=randint(272,523)
H=randint(272,523)
oisx=67
oisy=244
solx=144
sol2x=432
score=0
mouvement=None
finx=1000
finy=1000
pause=1
fenetre = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(fenetre, width=LARGEUR, height=HAUTEUR)
fond = PhotoImage(file="background-day.png")
fond2 = PhotoImage(file="background-night.png")
fond=[fond,fond2]
F= random.choice(fond)
canvas.create_image(144,256, anchor=CENTER,image=F)
tuyau_haut = PhotoImage(file="tuyau_vers_le_haut.png")
image_tuyau_haut = canvas.create_image(tuyx,h,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_haut)
image_tuyau_haut2 = canvas.create_image(tuyx2,H,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_haut)
tuyau_bas = PhotoImage(file="tuyau_vers_le_bas.png")
image_tuyau_bas = canvas.create_image(tuyx,h,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_bas)
image_tuyau_bas2 = canvas.create_image(tuyx2,H,anchor=CENTER,image=tuyau_bas)
sol = PhotoImage(file="sol-day.png")
image_sol = canvas.create_image(144,512, anchor=S,image=sol)
image_sol2 = canvas.create_image(432,512, anchor=S,image=sol)
oiseau = PhotoImage(file="yellowbird-midflap.png")
oiseau2 = PhotoImage(file="bluebird-midflap.png")
oiseau3 = PhotoImage(file="redbird-midflap.png")
oiseau=[oiseau,oiseau2,oiseau3]
O=random.choice(oiseau)
image_oiseau=canvas.create_image(oisx,oisy, anchor=W,image=O)
lscore=Label(fenetre,text='0')
lscore.pack()
bouton_play=PhotoImage(file="bouton_play.gif")
Jouer=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_play,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=debut)
canvas.create_window(77.55,364,window=Jouer)
bouton_eclair=PhotoImage(file="bouton_eclair.gif")
Eclair=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_eclair,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=rapide)
canvas.create_window(210.45,364,window=Eclair)
bouton_quitter=PhotoImage(file="bouton_quitter.png")
Quitter=Button(fenetre,image=bouton_quitter,relief=FLAT,borderwidth=0,highlightthickness=0,command=fenetre.destroy)
canvas.create_window(255.5,29.63,window=Quitter)
menu_jeu = PhotoImage(file="menu_jeu.png")
image_menu_jeu = canvas.create_image(144,256,anchor=CENTER,image=menu_jeu)
menu_fin = PhotoImage(file="menu_fin.png")
image_menu_fin = canvas.create_image((finx,finy),anchor=CENTER,image=menu_fin)
canvas.pack()
canvas.focus_set()

fenetre.mainloop()