Error urllib2 Python. SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR ssl.c:

Question

我正试图使用urllib for Python来打开URL，但我在一个特定的URL上遇到了一个错误，与其他URL相比，这个错误看起来很正常，在浏览器中也能很好地工作。

产生错误的代码是：

import cStringIO
import imghdr
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('https://news.artnet.com/wp-content/news-upload/2015/08/Brad_Pitt_Fury_2014-e1440597554269.jpg')

然而，如果我用类似的URL做完全相同的事情，我不会得到错误：

import cStringIO
import imghdr
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Brad_Pitt_June_2014_(cropped).jpg')

我在第一个例子中得到的错误是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
    context=self._context)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR] tlsv1 alert internal error (_ssl.c:590)>

Answer 1

这是一个使用Cloudflare SSL的站点，它需要服务器名称指示（SNI）。如果没有SNI访问此网站，将显示您在此处看到的行为，即触发tlsv1警报。SNI仅在2.7.9版本中添加到Python 2.7中，您可能使用的是旧版本的Python。

Answer 2

我在urllib3文档中找到了一个非常好的解释。

以下代码解决了Python 2.7.10的问题：

import urllib3 
import ssl 
import certifi
urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
# Open connection
http = urllib3.PoolManager(
    cert_reqs='CERT_REQUIRED', # Force certificate check.
    ca_certs=certifi.where(),  # Path to the Certifi bundle.
)
# Make verified HTTPS requests. 
try:
    resp = http.request('GET', url_photo) 
except urllib3.exceptions.SSLError as e:
    # Handle incorrect certificate error.
    print "error with https certificates"