IE.Visible = false时VBA Internet自动化代码无法正常工作

Question

早上好，我正在努力寻找有关问题的信息，该问题似乎在Internet上没有太多信息 - 这是Internet Explorer中的"框架通知栏"询问您是否要"保存"或"打开"下载的文件(的窗口。

我将削减追逐，我遇到的问题是，当Internet Explorer可见性设置为True时，我的代码可以工作，但是当可见性设置为false时不起作用。在两种情况下，我都介入了代码，以查看什么变化，并注意到框架通知条更改值的句柄，但除此之外，所有这些都相同。相关代码是：

Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
Sub StartIE()
    Dim appIE As Object
    Dim URLString As String
    Dim HTMLdoc, btn As Object
    Set appIE = CreateObject("internetexplorer.application") ' create an instance of internet explorer

    With appIE
        .Navigate "https://analytics.twitter.com/user" 'this url wont work for you. you will need to have your own twitter account on twitter analytics, and copy the link to the "tweets" page
        .Visible = True ' and show the IE
    End With
    Do While appIE.Busy Or (appIE.READYSTATE <> 4) ' wait until IE has finished loading
        DoEvents
    Loop
    URLString = appIE.LocationURL
    Set HTMLdoc = appIE.document
    Set btn = HTMLdoc.getElementsByClassName("btn btn-default ladda-button")(0) 'finds the export data button
    btn.Click
    Do While appIE.Busy Or (appIE.READYSTATE <> 4) ' wait until IE has finished loading
            DoEvents
    Loop
    Application.Wait (Now + TimeValue("0:00:07"))

    Dim hwnd As LongPtr, h As LongPtr

    Dim o As IUIAutomation ' The following steps are used to download a csv file from a webpage
    Dim e As IUIAutomationElement
    Set o = New CUIAutomation
    h = appIE.hwnd
    h = FindWindowEx(h, 0, "Frame Notification Bar", vbNullString) ' we must find the first frame notification handle
    If h = 0 Then Exit Sub
    Set e = o.ElementFromHandle(ByVal h) 
    Dim iCnd As IUIAutomationCondition
    Set iCnd = o.CreatePropertyCondition(UIA_NamePropertyId, "Save") 
    Dim Button As IUIAutomationElement
    Set Button = e.FindFirst(TreeScope_Subtree, iCnd)
    Dim InvokePattern As IUIAutomationInvokePattern
    Set InvokePattern = Button.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_InvokePatternId)
    InvokePattern.Invoke

    h = appIE.hwnd
    h = FindWindowEx(h, 0, "Frame Notification Bar", vbNullString)
    If h = 0 Then Exit Sub
    Set e = o.ElementFromHandle(ByVal h)
    Dim iCnd2 As IUIAutomationCondition
    Set iCnd2 = o.CreatePropertyCondition(UIA_NamePropertyId, "Open") ' similar to the above snippet, except for the second stage of the frame notification window
    Dim Button2 As IUIAutomationElement
    Set Button2 = e.FindFirst(TreeScope_Subtree, iCnd2)
    Dim InvokePattern2 As IUIAutomationInvokePattern
    Set InvokePattern2 = Button2.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_InvokePatternId)
    InvokePattern2.Invoke
End Sub

从此代码中，我认为问题发生的片段在：

    Dim o As IUIAutomation ' The following steps are used to download a csv file from a webpage
    Dim e As IUIAutomationElement
    Set o = New CUIAutomation
    h = appIE.hwnd
    h = FindWindowEx(h, 0, "Frame Notification Bar", vbNullString) ' we must find the first frame notification handle
    If h = 0 Then Exit Sub
    Set e = o.ElementFromHandle(ByVal h) 
    Dim iCnd As IUIAutomationCondition
    Set iCnd = o.CreatePropertyCondition(UIA_NamePropertyId, "Save") 
    Dim Button As IUIAutomationElement
    Set Button = e.FindFirst(TreeScope_Subtree, iCnd)
    Dim InvokePattern As IUIAutomationInvokePattern
    Set InvokePattern = Button.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_InvokePatternId)
    InvokePattern.Invoke

任何人都可以向我提供为什么可能会发生这种情况以及如何修复它的想法？我知道我已经在问很多，但是我真的很喜欢任何解决方案的解释，因为我试图提高理解，并发现在类似情况下它将对他人有益:)

谢谢。

Answer 1

请看以下示例：

Option Explicit
Sub SaveTweetsToCsv()
    Dim sAuthToken As String
    Dim sUserName As String
    Dim sStartTime As String
    Dim sEndTime As String
    Dim aHeaders
    Dim sUrl As String
    Dim sParams As String
    Dim sResp As String
    ' Set init data
    sUserName = "myusername" ' Your username
    sStartTime = "1517184000000" ' UNIX time with milliseconds
    sEndTime = "1519603199999"
    ' Check saved auth token
    sAuthToken = GetEnvVar("user", "tw_auth_token")
    ' Retrieve auth token if missing
    If sAuthToken = "" Then sAuthToken = GetAuthToken()
    ' Prepare request parameters
    sUrl = "https://analytics.twitter.com/user/" & sUserName & "/tweets/"
    sParams = "start_time=" & sStartTime & "&end_time=" & sEndTime & "&lang=en"
    ' Set request auth token header
    aHeaders = Array(Array("cookie", "auth_token=" & sAuthToken))
    ' Make request and check availability
    Do
        ' Retrieve status
        WinHTTPRequest "POST", sUrl & "export.json?" & sParams, _
            "", _
            aHeaders, _
            "", _
            "", _
            sResp, _
            ""
        ' Check if auth token is invalid
        If InStr(sResp, "403 Forbidden") > 0 Then sAuthToken = GetAuthToken()
        ' Check report availability
        If InStr(sResp, """status"":""Available""") > 0 Then Exit Do
        DoEvents
        Application.Wait (Now + TimeValue("0:00:01"))
    Loop
    ' Retrieve CSV content
    WinHTTPRequest "GET", sUrl & "bundle?" & sParams, _
        "", _
        aHeaders, _
        "", _
        "", _
        sResp, _
        ""
    ' Save CSV
    WriteTextFile sResp, CreateObject("WScript.Shell").SpecialFolders("Desktop") & "result.csv", -1
    MsgBox "Completed"
End Sub
Function GetAuthToken() As String
    Dim sLogin As String
    Dim sPassword As String
    Dim sHdrs As String
    Dim sResp As String
    Dim aSetHeaders
    Dim aTmp
    Dim sToken As String
    Dim aPayload
    Dim sPayload As String
    Dim aOptions
    Dim i As Long
    If MsgBox("Login", vbOKCancel) = vbCancel Then End
    sLogin = "mylogin" ' Your login
    sPassword = "mypassword" ' Your password
    ' Retrieve login form
    WinHTTPRequest "GET", "https://twitter.com/", _
        "", _
        "", _
        "", _
        sHdrs, _
        sResp, _
        ""
    ' Extract cookies from headers
    ParseResponse "^Set-(Cookie): (S*?=S*?);[sS]*?$", sHdrs, aSetHeaders
    ' Extract authenticity_token from login form
    aTmp = Split(sResp, """ name=""authenticity_token""", 2)
    If UBound(aTmp) = 0 Then MsgBox "Failed to get authenticity token": End
    sToken = Mid(aTmp(0), InStrRev(aTmp(0), """") + 1)
    ' Prepare payload for login request
    aPayload = Array( _
        Array("session[username_or_email]", sLogin), _
        Array("session[password]", sPassword), _
        Array("remember_me", "1"), _
        Array("return_to_ssl", "true"), _
        Array("scribe_log", ""), _
        Array("redirect_after_login", "/"), _
        Array("authenticity_token", sToken), _
        Array("ui_metrics", "") _
    )
    For i = 0 To UBound(aPayload)
        aPayload(i) = EncodeUriComponent((aPayload(i)(0))) & "=" & EncodeUriComponent((aPayload(i)(1)))
    Next
    sPayload = Join(aPayload, "&")
    ' Add web form headers
    PushItem aSetHeaders, Array("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    PushItem aSetHeaders, Array("Content-Length", Len(sPayload))
    ' WinHTTP option disabling redirections
    aOptions = Array(Array(6, False)) ' redirectoins disabled
    ' Login request
    WinHTTPRequest "POST", "https://twitter.com/sessions", _
        aOptions, _
        aSetHeaders, _
        sPayload, _
        sHdrs, _
        sResp, _
        ""
    ' Extract auth_token from received headers
    aTmp = Split(sHdrs, "auth_token=", 2)
    If UBound(aTmp) = 0 Then MsgBox "Failed to get auth token": End
    GetAuthToken = Split(aTmp(1), ";", 2)(0)
    ' Save auth token to user env var for further usage
    SetEnvVar "user", "tw_auth_token", GetAuthToken
    MsgBox "Auth token retrieved successfully"
End Function
Sub SetEnvVar(sEnv As String, sName As String, sValue As String)
    CreateObject("WSCript.Shell").Environment(sEnv).Item(sName) = sValue
End Sub
Function GetEnvVar(sEnv As String, sName As String) As String
    GetEnvVar = CreateObject("WSCript.Shell").Environment(sEnv).Item(sName)
End Function
Sub WinHTTPRequest(sMethod, sUrl, aSetOptions, aSetHeaders, vFormData, sRespHeaders, sRespText, aRespBody)
    Dim aItem
    With CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1")
        .Open sMethod, sUrl, False
        If IsArray(aSetOptions) Then
            For Each aItem In aSetOptions
                .Option(aItem(0)) = aItem(1)
            Next
        End If
        If IsArray(aSetHeaders) Then
            For Each aItem In aSetHeaders
                .SetRequestHeader aItem(0), aItem(1)
            Next
        End If
        .send (vFormData)
        sRespHeaders = .GetAllResponseHeaders
        sRespText = .ResponseText
        aRespBody = .ResponseBody
    End With
End Sub
Sub ParseResponse(sPattern, sResponse, aData, Optional bAppend As Boolean = True, Optional bGlobal As Boolean = True, Optional bMultiLine As Boolean = True, Optional bIgnoreCase As Boolean = True)
    Dim oMatch
    Dim aTmp()
    Dim sSubMatch
    If Not (IsArray(aData) And bAppend) Then aData = Array()
    With CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp")
        .Global = bGlobal
        .MultiLine = bMultiLine
        .IgnoreCase = bIgnoreCase
        .Pattern = sPattern
        For Each oMatch In .Execute(sResponse)
            If oMatch.SubMatches.Count = 1 Then
                PushItem aData, oMatch.SubMatches(0)
            Else
                aTmp = Array()
                For Each sSubMatch In oMatch.SubMatches
                    PushItem aTmp, sSubMatch
                Next
                PushItem aData, aTmp
            End If
        Next
    End With
End Sub
Sub PushItem(aData, vItem, Optional bAppend As Boolean = True)
    If Not (IsArray(aData) And bAppend) Then aData = Array()
    ReDim Preserve aData(UBound(aData) + 1)
    aData(UBound(aData)) = vItem
End Sub
Function EncodeUriComponent(sText As String) As String
    Static objHtmlfile As Object
    If objHtmlfile Is Nothing Then
        Set objHtmlfile = CreateObject("htmlfile")
        objHtmlfile.parentWindow.execScript "function encode(s) {return encodeURIComponent(s)}", "jscript"
    End If
    EncodeUriComponent = objHtmlfile.parentWindow.encode(sText)
End Function
Sub WriteTextFile(sContent As String, sPath As String, lFormat As Long)
    With CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").OpenTextFile(sPath, 2, True, lFormat)
        .Write sContent
        .Close
    End With
End Sub

注意。网站自动检测到过多的验证令牌请求，可能会导致该帐户被阻止，在这种情况下，您需要输入验证码并确认您的电话号码以通过SMS接收代码。这就是为什么检索一旦检索到环境变量以进行进一步使用的原因。