未定义类声明和全局名称的 tkinter GUI 错误"parent"？

Question

这是我编辑并尝试工作的当前代码，但仍然不起作用：/调试帮助会很棒:)它给出了变量"self"和"parent"未在mainWindow类中定义的错误，以及"class mainWindow"行的错误。不完全确定它们的含义或如何解决

import sys, Tkinter
sys.modules['tkinter'] = Tkinter
import Pmw
class Print:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    def __call__(self):
        print self.text
class mainWindow:
    def __init__(self,parent,balloon):
        self.balloon = Pmw.Balloon(parent)
        self.parent = parent
        self.menuBar = menuBar
        self.mainPart = mainPart
        self.buttonBox = buttonBox
    def Quit():
        root.destroy()
    menuBar = Pmw.MenuBar(parent,hull_relief = 'raised',hull_borderwidth = 1,balloon = self.balloon)
    menuBar.pack(fill = 'x')
    menuBar.addmenu('Run Control','Calibration,Download Configuration,Number of Triggers,Data Output File,Upload Configuration,Start DAQ,Quit')
    menuBar.addcascademenu('Run Control','Calibration','View and/or change the calibration',traverseSpec = 'z',tearoff = 1)
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Calibration','command','Display the DAC calibration',command = Print('display the DAC calibration'),label = 'Display DAC Calibration')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Calibration','command','Display the calibration mask',command = Print('display the calibration mask'),label = 'Display Calibration Mask')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Calibration','command','Change the DAC calibration',command = Print('change the DAC calibration'),label = 'Change DAC Calibration')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Calibration','command','Change the calibration mask',command = Print('change the calibration mask'),label = 'Change Calibration Mask')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Download a configuration',command = Print('download configuration'),label = 'Download Configuration')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Set the number of triggers',command = Print('set number of triggers'),label = 'Number of Triggers')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Change the file where the data will be sent to',command = Print('set data output file'),label = 'Data Output File')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Upload a configuration',command = Print('upload a configuration'),label = 'Upload Configuration')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Start the data aquisition',command = Print('start data aquisition'),label = 'Start DAQ')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','separator')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Run Control','command','Close the GUI',command = Quit,label = 'Quit')
    menuBar.addmenu('Slow Control','Voltage, Current,Temperature,DAC Settings')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Slow Control','command','Display the voltage',command = Print('display voltage'),label = 'Voltage')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Slow Control','command','Display the current',command = Print('display current'),label = 'Current')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Slow Control','command','Display the temperature',command = Print('display temperature'),label = 'Temperature')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Slow Control','command','Display the DAC settings',command = Print('display DAC settings'),label = 'DAC Settings')
    menuBar.addmenu('Graphics','Channel Map,Energy Detector,Root Output,Slow Control Time,Histograms,One Event Display')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display the channel map',command = Print('display channel map'),label = 'Channel Map')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display the energy detector',command = Print('display energy detector'),label = 'Energy Detector')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display the root output',command = Print('display root output'),label = 'Root Output')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display the slow control time',command = Print('display slow control time'),label = 'Slow Control Time')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display various histograms',command = Print('display histograms'),label = 'Histograms')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Graphics','command','Display the one event display',command = Print('display one event display'),label = 'One Event Display')
    menuBar.addmenu('Edit Data Base','Make Configuration Files')
    menuBar.addmenuitem('Edit Data Base','command','Make the Configuration Files',command = Print('create configuration files'),label = 'Create Configuration Files')
    mainPart = Tkinter.Label(parent,text = 'GUI',background = 'white',foreground = 'white',padx = 100,pady = 100)
    mainPart.pack(fill = 'both', expand = 1)
    buttonBox = Pmw.ButtonBox(parent)
    buttonBox.pack(fill = 'x')
    buttonBox.add('StartnRoot', command = Print('start root'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tkinter.Tk()
    Pmw.initialise(root)
    root.title('pCT GUI')
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

您应该发布所有代码和确切的错误消息，以便我可以更好地提供帮助，但从您发布的内容来看，您的问题似乎是：

class foo:

为空。所以你需要它看起来像

class foo:
    pass

为了不出现错误。

未定义父级可能是

因为您从未定义过变量父级，因此您可能需要

以下内容：

parent = Tkinter.Tk()

Answer 2

MenuBar的第一个参数是指定MenuBar所属的父窗口。您收到错误，因为您没有定义它。如果MenuBar是顶级小部件，只需将其链接到根：

root = Tk()
menuBar = Pmw.MenuBar(root,
    hull_relief = 'raised',
    hull_borderwidth = 1,
    balloon = self.balloon)
menuBar.pack(fill = 'x')
root.mainloop()