用代码引用和表达式树构建AST



在构建表达式树时遇到了一些问题。当使用代码引号时,我可以做同样的事情,但到目前为止,我还没有通过表达式来做到这一点。

首先看一下我通过代码引用的方法

    open Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations
    open Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.Patterns
    open Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.DerivedPatterns
    type Container<'a> = Container of 'a
    type FromD<'a> = {a: Container<'a>; b: Container<'a>}
    type ToD<'a> = {a: Container<'a>; b: Container<'a>}
    let private eval e = QuotationEvaluator.Evaluate e
    let f1 f =
        let ex =
            <@
                fun (x:FromD<'a>) ->
                {
                    a = f x.a;
                    b = f x.b
                } 
                : ToD<'b>
            @>
        eval ex

以上签名为(Container<'a> -> Container<'b>) -> (FromD<'a> -> ToD<'b>)。这正是我想要的。f1生成的表达式树为

Lambda (x,
        NewRecord (ToD`1,
                Application (ValueWithName (<fun:r1@60>, f),
                                PropertyGet (Some (x), a, [])),
                Application (ValueWithName (<fun:r1@60>, f),
                                PropertyGet (Some (x), b, []))))

现在一些测试代码将FromD转换为ToD,并对Container也应用转换

    let transform (Container (v:'a)) : Container<'b> = Container (sprintf "%A" v)
    [<Test>]
    let ``test F1`` () =
        let r1 = f1 transform {a = Container true; b = Container true}
        let r2 = f1 transform {a = Container 1; b = Container 2}
        printfn "F1: %A, F1: %A" r1 r2

一切都像我想要的一样,r1r2产生了预期的结果。

现在我想重新创建f1使用表达式而不是代码引号。
这是我的第一次尝试(使用一些辅助函数)

//fields :: Type -> PropertyInfo []
let fields t = FSharpType.GetRecordFields t
//nameMap :: Type -> Map<string,PropertyInfo>
let nameMap t =
    t
    |> fields
    |> Array.map (fun x -> x.Name, x)
    |> Map.ofArray
let f2<'x, 't> f = 
    let xt = typeof<'x>
    let tt = typeof<'t>
    let ps = nameMap xt
    let x = Var("x", xt)
    let vx = Expr.Var(x)
    let fnv = Expr.ValueWithName(f, "f")
    let ex = 
        Expr.Lambda(x,
            Expr.NewRecord(tt,
                [
                    Expr.Application(fnv, Expr.PropertyGet(vx, ps.Item "a", []))
                    Expr.Application(fnv, Expr.PropertyGet(vx, ps.Item "b", []))
                ])) 
    let ex2 : Expr<'x -> 't> = ex |> Expr.Cast
    let ex3 = eval ex2
    ex3

和一些测试代码

let ``test F2`` () =
    let r3 = (f2<FromD<bool>, ToD<string>> transform) {a = Container true; b = Container true}
    printfn "R3 %A" r3 

首先,在这个例子中f2的签名是
(Container<obj> -> Container<string>) -> ('x -> 't)
而不是
(Container<'a> -> Container<'b>) -> (FromD<'a> -> ToD<'b>)
因此,不知何故,类型推断器在这一点上有点急于。

这将导致下面的错误消息

System.ArgumentException : Type mismatch when building 'f': function argument type doesn't match. Expected 'tst+Container`1[System.Boolean]', but received type 'tst+Container`1[System.Object]'.
Parameter name: receivedType
at Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.PatternsModule.checkTypesSR[a] (System.Type expectedType, System.Type receivedType, a name, System.String threeHoleSR) [0x00019] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.PatternsModule.checkAppliedLambda (Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr f, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr v) [0x00084] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.PatternsModule.mkApplication (Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr v_0, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr v_1) [0x00001] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr.Application (Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr functionExpr, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr argument) [0x00001] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at tst.f2[x,t] (Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpFunc`2[T,TResult] f) [0x0005f] in <582303e818eafa12a7450383e8032358>:0
at tst.test F2 () [0x00005] in <582303e818eafa12a7450383e8032358>:0
at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Reflection.MonoMethod:InternalInvoke (System.Reflection.MonoMethod,object,object[],System.Exception&)
at System.Reflection.MonoMethod.Invoke (System.Object obj, System.Reflection.BindingFlags invokeAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, System.Object[] parameters, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) [0x00038] in <8cd55ece525b4760b63de40980e005aa>:0

因此,在构建表达式树时似乎存在一些问题,因为类型推断器说我的函数具有bool类型参数,但实际参数是object
现在我可以通过这样重写函数来克服这个问题

let f2<'x, 't> f = 
    let xt = typeof<'x>
    let tt = typeof<'t>
    let ps = nameMap xt
    let x = Var("x", xt)
    let vx = Expr.Var(x)
    let fnv = Expr.ValueWithName(f, typeof<Container<bool> -> Container<string>>, "f")
    let ex = 
        Expr.Lambda(x,
            Expr.NewRecord(tt,
                [
                    Expr.Application(fnv, Expr.PropertyGet(vx, ps.Item "a", []))
                    Expr.Application(fnv, Expr.PropertyGet(vx, ps.Item "b", []))
                ])) 
    let ex2 : Expr<'x -> 't> = ex |> Expr.Cast
    let ex3 = eval ex2
    ex3

在本例中,我强制ValueWithName为特定类型,而不是f.GetType()
我为这个例子创建了一个非常特定的类型(typeof<Container<bool> -> Container<string>>),也使这个例子更容易理解。

这将帮助我度过施工阶段,也与演员一起工作。
构造的表达式树也和前面一样。

但是现在它在求值时崩溃了,并显示以下错误信息

System.ArgumentException : Argument types do not match
at System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant (System.Object value, System.Type type) [0x00049] in <4a648327db854c86ab0ece073e38f4b3>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.LetRecConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpOption`1[T] letrec, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00185] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.ConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.LetRecConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpOption`1[T] letrec, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x02065] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.ConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvExprs@703.Invoke (Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at Microsoft.FSharp.Primitives.Basics.List.map[T,TResult] (Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpFunc`2[T,TResult] mapping, Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.FSharpList`1[T] x) [0x0003f] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.ListModule.Map[T,TResult] (Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpFunc`2[T,TResult] mapping, Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.FSharpList`1[T] list) [0x00001] in <57acd2f6dff9fae1a7450383f6d2ac57>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.ConvExprs (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.FSharpList`1[T] es) [0x00007] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.LetRecConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpOption`1[T] letrec, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x020e6] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.ConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.LetRecConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpOption`1[T] letrec, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x027f0] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.ConvExpr (FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes+ConvEnv env, Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr inp) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.Conv[a] (a e, System.Boolean eraseEquality) [0x0001d] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.CompileImpl[a] (a e, System.Boolean eraseEquality) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluationTypes.Compile[a] (a e) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at FSharp.Quotations.Evaluator.QuotationEvaluator.Evaluate[T] (Microsoft.FSharp.Quotations.FSharpExpr`1[T] e) [0x00001] in <56703c1ea378c767a74503831e3c7056>:0
at tst.f2[x,t] (Microsoft.FSharp.Core.FSharpFunc`2[T,TResult] f) [0x000f5] in <5823081418eafa12a745038314082358>:0
at tst.test F2 () [0x00005] in <5823081418eafa12a745038314082358>:0
at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Reflection.MonoMethod:InternalInvoke (System.Reflection.MonoMethod,object,object[],System.Exception&)
at System.Reflection.MonoMethod.Invoke (System.Object obj, System.Reflection.BindingFlags invokeAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, System.Object[] parameters, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) [0x00038] in <8cd55ece525b4760b63de40980e005aa>:0

有谁知道是怎么回事吗?

f2的类型以'x -> 't结束,因为这正是您在这一行中指定的:

let ex2 : Expr<'x -> 't> = ex |> Expr.Cast

f2甚至不知道FromDToD这样的东西的存在,所以它不可能在它的类型中有它们。
但是,如果您在测试中查看r3的第一部分的类型,您将看到它是FromD<_> -> ToD<_>,因为它们被指定为f2的类型参数,分别代表'x't

至于Container<obj>——它实际上比你想象的要差一点。如果单独查看f2,您将看到它的类型是obj -> 'x -> 't。这是因为f2的主体中没有任何内容提示f应该是什么类型。所以它被强制为obj作为所有的最终超类型。
当您实际使用 f2和参数transform作为参数f时,编译器会将f的类型固定为Container<_> -> Container<string>(因为这是transform的类型),后来变成Container<obj> -> Container<string>,因为程序中没有任何东西可以进一步约束该类型。

从上面来看,修复是不言而喻的:只需显式声明f的类型。

let f2<'x, 't, 'a, 'b> (f: Container<'a> -> Container<'b>) = 
    ...

这将在第一个应用程序之前为您提供正确的类型。

但小心!
由于所有的处理都发生在运行时,编译器不能保证所有地方的类型安全。因此,你自己必须小心防范它们。以下是代码所依赖的一些(尽管可能不是全部)在编译时不能强制执行的东西:

  1. 类型'x必须是字段名为ab且类型为'a的记录。
  2. 类型't必须是包含两个字段的记录,分别命名为ab,以特定的顺序声明,并且都具有类型'b
我觉得这样的设计有点不稳定。也许如果你描述了你最初的问题(最好是作为一个单独的问题),有人可能会建议一个更优雅的解决方案。

如果你只是想"在记录上映射",我可能会考虑一个不那么雄心勃勃的解决方案,例如:

let fromDMap f (fromD: FromD<_>) : ToD<_> = { a = f fromD.a; b = f fromD.b }
// Usage:
let r3 = fromDMap transform {a = Container true; b = Container true}

当然,如果你想创建一个"泛型"函数来映射任意类型的同名字段,这种方法就行不通了。但是,我想冒昧地说,这样的函数可能有点太泛型了。


注:你的函数transform有一个声明的类型,它比函数实际的类型更通用。声明的返回类型是Container<'b>,但它实际返回的是Container<string>。因此,'b被约束为string

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