在我的NixOS x86-64发行版上，我使用以下方法验证了四个"Hello World！"应用程序：
- 奥坎洛普特编译器
- GHC 编译器
- 海湾合作委员会编译器
- 作为编译器
我的制作文件：
ocaml:
ocamlopt mytest.ml -o ocaml_test
haskell:
ghc mytest.hs -o haskell_test
ansiC:
gcc mytest.c -o ansiC_test
asm:
as -o asm_test.o mytest.s
ld -s -o asm_test asm_test.o
并且所有四个在本机上都工作正常
但我无法在其他 x86-64 Linux(准确地说 - Lubuntu x86-64(计算机上执行前三个应用程序 - 我的应用程序在目标机器上找不到系统库，因此系统告诉我该文件不存在
但是该文件存在，我可以通过 readelf utilite 读取它：
对于 GCC 创建的可执行文件：
$> readelf -l ansiC_test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x401040
There are 11 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
PHDR 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040
0x0000000000000268 0x0000000000000268 R 0x8
INTERP 0x00000000000002a8 0x00000000004002a8 0x00000000004002a8
0x0000000000000050 0x0000000000000050 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
0x00000000000004f0 0x00000000000004f0 R 0x1000
$> ldd ansiC_test
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffee735f000)
libc.so.6 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8db6ca8000)
/nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 => /nix/store/xvj2l5llpmcgx99cl37v5xqpazs38195-glibc-multi-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f8db6e60000)
对于 GHC 创建的可执行文件：
$> readelf -l haskell_test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x404c70
There are 11 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
PHDR 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040
0x0000000000000268 0x0000000000000268 R 0x8
INTERP 0x00000000000002a8 0x00000000004002a8 0x00000000004002a8
0x0000000000000050 0x0000000000000050 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
$> ldd haskell_test
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe7840a000)
libm.so.6 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f13eb093000)
libgmp.so.10 => /nix/store/7mrq5v4nnqfkv1ka7a0kdw9mzvqs5w3c-gmp-6.1.2/lib/libgmp.so.10 (0x00007f13eaffd000)
librt.so.1 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007f13eaff3000)
libdl.so.2 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f13eafee000)
libffi.so.6 => /nix/store/kbbiky87bsdndh63m7919sxkf3gsh5zq-libffi-3.2.1/lib/libffi.so.6 (0x00007f13eafe1000)
libpthread.so.0 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f13eafbe000)
libc.so.6 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f13eae08000)
/nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 => /nix/store/xvj2l5llpmcgx99cl37v5xqpazs38195-glibc-multi-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f13eb22b000)
对于 Ocamlopt 创建的可执行文件：
$> readelf -l ocaml_test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x410730
There are 11 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
PHDR 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040
0x0000000000000268 0x0000000000000268 R 0x8
INTERP 0x00000000000002a8 0x00000000004002a8 0x00000000004002a8
0x0000000000000050 0x0000000000000050 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
0x000000000000fb58 0x000000000000fb58 R 0x1000
$> ldd ocaml_test
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc90657000)
libm.so.6 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f1b01f0b000)
libdl.so.2 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f1b01f06000)
libc.so.6 => /nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f1b01d50000)
/nix/store/681354n3k44r8z90m35hm8945vsp95h1-glibc-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 => /nix/store/xvj2l5llpmcgx99cl37v5xqpazs38195-glibc-multi-2.27/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f1b020a3000)
而且我对 asembler 创建的可执行文件没有这个问题：
$> readelf -l asm_test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x401000
There are 4 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
0x0000000000000140 0x0000000000000140 R 0x1000
LOAD 0x0000000000001000 0x0000000000401000 0x0000000000401000
0x0000000000000022 0x0000000000000022 R E 0x1000
LOAD 0x0000000000002000 0x0000000000402000 0x0000000000402000
0x000000000000000e 0x000000000000000e RW 0x1000
NOTE 0x0000000000000120 0x0000000000400120 0x0000000000400120
0x0000000000000020 0x0000000000000020 R 0x8
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .note.gnu.property
01 .text
02 .data
03 .note.gnu.property
$> ldd asm_test
not a dynamic executable
正如你所看到的没有对glibc.so.x库的引用
我的问题是：是否可以使用 GCC、GHC 和 Ocamlopt创建这种"非动态可执行"的应用程序文件？ 一些编译器的选项？ 也许应用程序文件夹中的一些库？
我无法访问另一台机器 - 我只能向最终用户提供 tar.gz arhive - 仅此而已。 绝对不希望用户在他/她的机器上安装 GHC 或 OCAML
有什么建议吗？
仅供参考：源文件
哈斯克尔：
module Main where
main = putStrLn "hello world!"
奥卡姆：
print_string "hello world!" ;;
print_newline () ;;
安西·
#include <stdio.h>
int
main ()
{
puts ("hello world!") ;
}
ASM：
.code64
.global _start
.text
_start:
movl $len, %edx
movl $msg, %ecx
movl $1, %ebx
movl $4, %eax
int $0x80
movl $0, %ebx
movl $1, %eax
int $0x80
.data
msg: .ascii "hello, world!n"
len = . - msg
我自己还没有测试过，但我假设-ccopt(来自ocamlopt(和-static(来自gcc(的组合就可以了。
- 从
ocamlopt手册
gcc手册中的
-ccopt option
Pass the given option to the C compiler and linker. For instance,-ccopt -Ldir causes the C linker to search for C libraries in directory dir.
-static
On systems that support dynamic linking, this overrides -pie and prevents linking with the shared libraries. On other systems, this option has no effect.