将 XML 转换为字典/JSON

Question

我需要将我的XML文件转换为JSON。

XML 脚本的示例如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<osm version="0.6" generator="Overpass API 0.7.55.3 9da5e7ae">
<note>The data included in this document is from www.openstreetmap.org. The data is made available under ODbL.</note>
<meta osm_base="2018-06-17T15:31:02Z"/>
<node id="330268305" lat="52.5475000" lon="13.3850775">
<tag k="direction" v="240-60"/>
<tag k="tourism" v="viewpoint"/>
<tag k="wheelchair" v="no"/>
</node>
<node id="330269757" lat="52.5473115" lon="13.3843131">
<tag k="direction" v="240-60"/>
<tag k="tourism" v="viewpoint"/>
<tag k="wheelchair" v="limited"/>
</node>
<way id="281307598">
<center lat="52.4934004" lon="13.4843019"/>
<nd ref="2852755795"/>
<nd ref="3772363803"/>
<nd ref="3772363802"/>
<nd ref="2852755796"/>
<nd ref="2852755797"/>
<nd ref="2852755798"/>
<nd ref="2852755795"/>
<tag k="man_made" v="tower"/>
<tag k="tourism" v="viewpoint"/>
<tag k="tower:type" v="observation"/>
<tag k="wheelchair" v="yes"/>
</way>
</osm>

到目前为止执行的代码。

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import json
input_file = r"D:berlintrial_xmlberlin_viewpoint_locations.xml"
tree = ET.parse(input_file)
root = tree.getroot()
result_list = [{k: (item.get(k) if k != 'extra' else
{i.get('k'): i.get('v') for i in item.iter('tag')})
for k in ('id', 'lat', 'lon', 'extra')}
for item in tree.findall("./node") + tree.findall('./way')]
print(result_list)

在一些Stackoverflow大师的帮助下，我已经取得了半功倍的效果。但是，我仍然需要了解如何：

1. 附加隐藏在<center lat="52.4934004" lon="13.4843019"/>中的坐标，与此处提到的相同result_list fornodes. It works for"id"。
2. 将所有引用附加到<nd ref="2852755795"/> <nd ref="3772363803"/>，就像对extra所做的那样，例如嵌套列表。

Answer 1

当前代码不适合您的原因是数据结构不同。我建议为每种node和way类型提供独立的解析器。您已经在解析node类型，因此要解析way可以构造一个相当简单的循环，如下所示：

way_list = []
for item in tree.findall("./way"):
# get the center node
center = item.find('center')
# get the refs for the nd nodes
nds = [nd.get('ref') for nd in item.iter('nd')]
# construct a dict and append to result list
way_list.append(dict(
id=item.get('id'),
lat=center.get('lat'),
lon=center.get('lon'),
nds=nds,
extra={i.get('k'): i.get('v') for i in item.iter('tag')},
))
print(way_list)

结果：

[{
'id': '281307598', 
'lat': '52.4934004', 
'lon': '13.4843019', 
'nds': ['2852755795', '3772363803', '3772363802', '2852755796',
'2852755797', '2852755798', '2852755795'],
'extra': {    
'man_made': 'tower', 
'tourism': 'viewpoint', 
'tower:type': 'observation', 
'wheelchair': 'yes'    
}
}]