将未找到的映像文件重定向到具有NGinx的Uri

Question

我正在将Laravel网站从Apache(htaccess(切换到NGinx。我已经构建了一个Image Serving，它生成一个带有适当参数的uri，用于调整例如：pics/images/max24h/music_video_red_icon.png的大小。I Apache找不到文件，它会将其重定向到路由image/images/max24h/music_video_red_icon.png，在那里laravel中的Action创建并返回图像。在.htaccess中，它使用以下代码：

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$ /image$1.$2 [R=307,L]

现在在NGinx-conf中，我如何正确地重定向它？我尝试了很多建议，比如：

# Redirect pics file not found to php laravel route to create the image
location @img_proxy {
rewrite ^/pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$ /image$1.$2;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

它根本不起作用，如果我删除这些行，服务器就会起作用。我使用的是Mac High Sierra 10.13.6。可能是配置冲突吗？这是完整的nginx.conf:

user _www _www;
worker_processes  1;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log  logs/access.log  main;
sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;
#keepalive_timeout  0;
keepalive_timeout  65;
#gzip  on;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/megalobiz/public;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
index index.html index.htm index.php;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_types
text/plain
text/css
text/js
text/xml
text/javascript
application/javascript
application/x-javascript
application/json
application/xml
application/xml+rss;
location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
error_page 404 /index.php;
# removes trailing slashes (prevents SEO duplicate content issues)
#if (!-d $request_filename)
#{
#    rewrite ^/(.+)/$ /$1 permanent;
#}
# Redirect pics file not found to php laravel route to create the image
location ~ ^/pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$ {
try_files $uri @img_proxy;
}
location @img_proxy {
rewrite ^/pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$ /image$1.$2;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ .php$ {
try_files      $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include        fastcgi_params;
}
location ~* .(?:jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|cur|gz|svg|svgz|mp4|ogg|ogv|webm|htc|svg|woff|woff2|ttf)$ {
expires 1M;
access_log off;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
location ~* .(?:css|js)$ {
expires 7d;
access_log off;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
location ~ /.(?!well-known).* {
deny all;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny  all;
}
}
include servers/*;
}

Answer 1

.htaccess文件的函数和rewrite语句的主要区别在于，Apache将使用307响应执行外部重定向，而Nginx则执行内部重定向。有关详细信息，请参阅本文档。

要强制Nginx执行外部重定向，请将permanent或redirect标志附加到rewrite语句，该语句将分别生成301或302响应。

例如：

location @img_proxy {
rewrite ^/pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$ /image$1.$2 redirect;
}

302和307响应之间的区别在于，后者将重定向POST请求方法，而不将其更改为GET。

如果需要重定向POST请求，则需要使用正则表达式location或if块捕获URI的相关部分，并改用return 307。

例如：

location @img_proxy {
if ($uri ~ ^/pics(.*).(jpe?g|png|gif|ico|bmp)$) {
return 307 /image$1.$2$is_args$args;
}
}

关于if的使用，请参阅此注意事项。