如何在Spring MVC应用程序中测试Aspect



>我有一个Spring MVC应用程序,我使用Aspect来捕获所有控制器方法中的异常

@Component
@Aspect
public class ControllerExceptionAspect {
    private Logger logger;
    public ControllerExceptionAspect() {
       logger = Logger.getLogger(ControllerExceptionAspect.class);
    }
    public ControllerExceptionAspect(Logger logger) {
       this.logger = logger;
    }
    // Catching all exceptions from all methods in all controllers classes
    @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "execution(* com.my.package..controller..*(..))", throwing = "exception")
    public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception exception) {
       logger.error("CONTROLLER ASPECT: EXCEPTION IN METHOD -> " +    
       exception.getClass());
    }
}

方面工作正常,但不幸的是我无法测试它。我尝试了很多次,但无法了解如何在控制器中模拟异常后是否调用了Aspect方法

@SuppressWarnings("ALL")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextHierarchy({
        @ContextConfiguration(classes = RootConfig.class),
        @ContextConfiguration(classes = WebConfig.class)
})
public class ControllerExceptionAspectTest {
    @Autowired
    ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    @Test
    public void testControllerExceptionAspectGetsExecutedWhenExceptionOccures(){
        HomeController homeController = (HomeController)applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().getBean("homeController");
        try{homeController.callMethod("00000");}
        catch (Exception e){}
        ControllerExceptionAspect controllerExceptionAspect = (ControllerExceptionAspect)applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().getBean("controllerExceptionAspect");
        // HOW TO CATCH THAT ASPECT METHOD WAS CALLED???
    }
}

孤立地测试一个方面(包括其切入点的表达式)非常容易,而无需整个Web上下文(或任何上下文)。

我将首先尝试举一个概括的例子,而不是OP问题中的例子。

假设我们有一个方面,如果方法的第一个参数为 null,则必须抛出异常,否则允许方法调用继续进行。

它应仅应用于使用我们的自定义@ThrowOnNullFirstArg注释注释的控制器。

@Aspect
public class ThrowOnNullFirstArgAspect {
    @Pointcut("" +
            "within(@org.springframework.stereotype.Controller *) || " +
            "within(@(@org.springframework.stereotype.Controller *) *)")
    private void isController() {}
    @Around("isController()")
    public Object executeAroundController(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable {
        throwIfNullFirstArgIsPassed(point);
        return point.proceed();
    }
    private void throwIfNullFirstArgIsPassed(ProceedingJoinPoint point) {
        if (!(point.getSignature() instanceof MethodSignature)) {
            return;
        }
        if (point.getArgs().length > 0 && point.getArgs()[0] == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The first argument is not allowed to be null");
        }
    }
}

我们可以像这样测试它:

public class ThrowOnNullFirstArgAspectTest {
    private final ThrowOnNullFirstArgAspect aspect = new ThrowOnNullFirstArgAspect();
    private TestController controllerProxy;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        AspectJProxyFactory aspectJProxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(new TestController());
        aspectJProxyFactory.addAspect(aspect);
        DefaultAopProxyFactory proxyFactory = new DefaultAopProxyFactory();
        AopProxy aopProxy = proxyFactory.createAopProxy(aspectJProxyFactory);
        controllerProxy = (TestController) aopProxy.getProxy();
    }
    @Test
    public void whenInvokingWithNullFirstArg_thenExceptionShouldBeThrown() {
        try {
            controllerProxy.someMethod(null);
            fail("An exception should be thrown");
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            assertThat(e.getMessage(), is("The first argument is not allowed to be null"));
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void whenInvokingWithNonNullFirstArg_thenNothingShouldBeThrown() {
        String result = controllerProxy.someMethod(Descriptor.builder().externalId("id").build());
        assertThat(result, is("ok"));
    }
    @Controller
    @ThrowOnNullFirstArg
    private static class TestController {
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        String someMethod(Descriptor descriptor) {
            return "ok";
        }
    }
}

关键部分在setUp()方法内部。请注意,它还允许验证您的切入点表达式的正确性。

如何测试方面方法是否实际被调用?

如果方面方法只有一些在测试中难以验证的效果,您可以使用像 Mockito 这样的模拟库,并在您的真实方面周围制作一个存根,然后验证该方法是否确实被调用。

private ControllerExceptionAspect aspect = Mockito.stub(new     ControllerExceptionAspect());

然后在测试中,通过代理调用控制器后

Mockito.verify(aspect).afterThrowingAdvice(Matchers.any());

如何测试方面方法是否实际写入日志?

如果您使用的是 logback-classic,则可以编写一个 Appender 实现并将其添加到感兴趣的Logger,然后检查是否记录了您期望的消息。

public class TestAppender extends AppenderBase<ILoggingEvent> {
    public List<ILoggingEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void append(ILoggingEvent event) {
        events.add(event);
    }
}

在夹具设置中:

appender = new TestAppender();
// logback Appender must be started to accept messages
appender.start();
ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger logger = (ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(ControllerExceptionAspect.class.class);
logger.addAppender(appender);

在您的测试中:

List<ILoggingEvent> errors = appender.events.stream()
        .filter(event -> event.getLevel() == Level.ERROR)
        .collect(Collectors.toList());
assertEquals("Exactly one ERROR is expected in log", 1, errors.size());
// any other assertions you need

可能您还需要@After方法stop() Appender,但我不确定。

我认为您要实现的是测试您创建的配置(方面切入点),而不是可以进行单元测试的方面本身。我担心的是,没有简单的方法可以实现这一目标。

您可以遵循一些有关捕获日志或其他想法的互联网建议。老实说,只有当您确实需要测试它是否被调用时,我才会测试方面的期望行为。如果它正在记录,我不会这样做。如果它为 db 设置了一些东西(或其他副作用),我会验证该值是否在 db 中。这就是集成测试的草率基础。

如果你真的必须按照你想要的方式测试方面,你可以编写类似于给定代码的东西。但请记住,正常的(非测试)运行时 Spring 配置需要 Spring 上下文中存在的验证程序接口的虚拟实现。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(Config.class)
public class AspectTesting {
    @Autowired
    ServiceWithAspect service;
    @Autowired
    Verifier verifyingAspect;
    @Test
    public void test() {
        // given
        boolean condition = false;
        // when
        try {
            service.doit();
        } catch (Exception swallow) {}
        // then
        try {
            condition = ((VerifyingAspect) ((Advised) verifyingAspect).getTargetSource().getTarget()).wasExecuted();
        } catch (Exception swallow) {}
        // then
        Assert.assertTrue(condition);
    }
}
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
@ComponentScan("aspects")
class Config {
}
@Component
class VerifyingAspect implements Verifier {
    private boolean executed = false;
    public boolean wasExecuted() {
        return executed;
    }
    @Override
    public void invoked() {
        executed = true;
    }
}
@Service
class ServiceWithAspect {
    public void doit() {
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }
}
@Component
@Aspect
class TestedAspect {
    @Autowired
    Verifier verifier;
    @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "execution(* *(..))", throwing = "exception")
    public void afterThrowingAdvice(Exception exception) {
        // your aspect logic here
        verifier.invoked();
    }
}
interface Verifier {
    void invoked();
}

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