如何模拟/存根 Flutter 平台通道/插件

Question

我在 Flutter 网站上阅读了特定于平台的插件/通道的介绍，并浏览了一些插件的简单示例，例如url_launcher：

// Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
const _channel = const MethodChannel('plugins.flutter.io/url_launcher');
/// Parses the specified URL string and delegates handling of it to the
/// underlying platform.
///
/// The returned future completes with a [PlatformException] on invalid URLs and
/// schemes which cannot be handled, that is when [canLaunch] would complete
/// with false.
Future<Null> launch(String urlString) {
  return _channel.invokeMethod(
    'launch',
    urlString,
  );
}

在小部件测试或集成测试中，我如何模拟或存根通道，这样我就不必依赖真实设备(运行Android或iOS(说，实际启动URL？

Answer 1

MethodChannel#setMockMethodCallHandler 现已弃用并删除。

看起来这是现在要走的路：

import 'package:flutter/services.dart'; 
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
void mockUrlLauncher() {
  const channel = MethodChannel('plugins.flutter.io/url_launcher');
  handler(MethodCall methodCall) async {
    if (methodCall.method == 'yourMethod') {
      return 42;
    }
    return null;
  }
  TestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  TestDefaultBinaryMessengerBinding.instance.defaultBinaryMessenger
      .setMockMethodCallHandler(channel, handler);
}

详细信息在GitHub上。

这是package_info插件的测试示例，以供将来参考：

import 'package:flutter/services.dart'; 
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
void mockPackageInfo() {
  const channel = MethodChannel('plugins.flutter.io/package_info');
  handler(MethodCall methodCall) async {
    if (methodCall.method == 'getAll') {
      return <String, dynamic>{
        'appName': 'myapp',
        'packageName': 'com.mycompany.myapp',
        'version': '0.0.1',
        'buildNumber': '1'
      };
    }
    return null;
  }
  TestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  TestDefaultBinaryMessengerBinding.instance.defaultBinaryMessenger
      .setMockMethodCallHandler(channel, handler);
}

Answer 2

可以使用 setMockMethodCallHandler 为基础方法通道注册模拟处理程序：

https://docs.flutter.io/flutter/services/MethodChannel/setMockMethodCallHandler.html

final List<MethodCall> log = <MethodCall>[];
MethodChannel channel = const MethodChannel('plugins.flutter.io/url_launcher');
// Register the mock handler.
channel.setMockMethodCallHandler((MethodCall methodCall) async {
  log.add(methodCall);
});
await launch("http://example.com/");
expect(log, equals(<MethodCall>[new MethodCall('launch', "http://example.com/")]));
// Unregister the mock handler.
channel.setMockMethodCallHandler(null);

Answer 3

创建插件时，会自动为您提供默认测试：

void main() {
  const MethodChannel channel = MethodChannel('my_plugin');
  setUp(() {
    channel.setMockMethodCallHandler((MethodCall methodCall) async {
      return '42';
    });
  });
  tearDown(() {
    channel.setMockMethodCallHandler(null);
  });
  test('getPlatformVersion', () async {
    expect(await MyPlugin.platformVersion, '42');
  });
}

让我补充一些关于它的注释：

• 调用setMockMethodCallHandler允许您绕过实际插件所做的任何操作并返回您自己的值。
• 您可以使用 methodCall.method 来区分方法， 是被调用方法名称的字符串。
• 对于插件创建者来说，这是一种验证公共 API 名称的方法，但它不会测试 API 的功能。为此，您需要使用集成测试。