未定义解析回调-Simple Webscraper(Scrapy)仍未运行

我在谷歌上搜索了半天，仍然无法继续。也许你有一些见解？

我试着不是从终端开始我的scraper，而是从脚本开始。这在没有规则的情况下工作得很好，只需要生成正常的解析函数。

一旦我使用Rules并将"callback="parse"更改为"callback="parse_item"，就什么都不起作用了。

我尝试在解析函数中创建一个基于屈服请求的爬网程序。结果是：我只抓取了一个URL，但没有抓取域名。

制定规则似乎是一条出路。所以我实际上希望它运行，而不是在解析函数中使用yield。

import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor

def beauty(response_dictionary):
html_response = response_dictionary["html"]
print(response_dictionary["url"])
for html in html_response:
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
metatag = soup.find_all("meta")
print(metatag)
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "MySpidername"
allowed_domains = ["www.bueffeln.net"]
start_urls = ['https://www.bueffeln.net']
rules = [Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=()), callback='parse_item', follow=True),]
def parse_item(self, response):
url_dictionary = {}
print(response.status)
url_dictionary["url"] = response.url
print(response.headers)
url_dictionary["html"] = response.xpath('//html').getall()
beauty(url_dictionary)

process = CrawlerProcess({
'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)'
})
process.crawl(MySpider)
process.start() 

错误似乎如下：

2019-11-18 18:14:56 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.7.4 started (bot: scrapybot)
2019-11-18 18:14:56 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.4.1.0, libxml2 2.9.5, cssselect 1.1.0, parsel 1.5.2, w3lib 1.21.0, Twisted 19.7.0, Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 19:29:22) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)], pyOpenSSL 19.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1d  10 Sep 2019), cryptography 2.8, Platform Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0
2019-11-18 18:14:56 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)'}
2019-11-18 18:14:56 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 970cca12e7c43d67
2019-11-18 18:14:56 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.bueffeln.net> (referer: None)
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET https://www.bueffeln.net> (referer: None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersmsiPycharmProjectstestvenvlibsite-packagestwistedinternetdefer.py", line 654, in _runCallbacks
current.result = callback(current.result, *args, **kw)
File "C:UsersmsiPycharmProjectstestvenvlibsite-packagesscrapyspiders__init__.py", line 80, in parse
raise NotImplementedError('{}.parse callback is not defined'.format(self.__class__.__name__))
NotImplementedError: MySpider.parse callback is not defined
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 231,
'downloader/request_count': 1,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 1,
'downloader/response_bytes': 16695,
'downloader/response_count': 1,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
'elapsed_time_seconds': 0.435081,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 18, 17, 14, 57, 454733),
'log_count/DEBUG': 1,
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 10,
'response_received_count': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'spider_exceptions/NotImplementedError': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 18, 17, 14, 57, 19652)}
2019-11-18 18:14:57 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
Process finished with exit code 0