我用这个把头发都扯掉了。
我在这里问了一个问题,如果在自定义的不可训练的keras层内,但我仍然有困难。
我尝试了他的解决方案,但没有成功——我想我应该用他的解决方案发布我的完整代码
我有一个自定义的Keras层,我想从特定的输入返回特定的输出。我不希望它是可训练的。
该层应执行以下
if input = [1,0] then output = 1
if input = [0,1] then output = 0
以下是执行此操作的lambda层代码:
input_tensor = Input(shape=(n_hots,))
def custom_layer_1(tensor):
if tensor == [1,0]:
resp_1 = np.array([1,],dtype=np.int32)
k_resp_1 = backend.variable(value=resp_1)
return k_resp_1
elif tensor == [0,1]:
resp_0 = np.array([0,],dtype=np.int32)
k_resp_0 = backend.variable(value=resp_0)
return k_resp_0
else:
resp_e = np.array([-1,])
k_resp_e = backend.variable(value=resp_e)
return k_resp_e
print(tensor.shape)
layer_one = keras.layers.Lambda(custom_layer_1,output_shape = (None,))(input_tensor)
_model = Model(inputs=input_tensor, outputs = layer_one)
当我拟合我的模型时,它总是计算-1,尽管有输入。
这就是模型的样子:
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
=================================================================
input_1 (InputLayer) (None, 2) 0
_________________________________________________________________
lambda_1 (Lambda) (None, None) 0
=================================================================
Total params: 0
Trainable params: 0
Non-trainable params: 0
以下是该型号的完整代码:
import numpy as np
from keras.models import Model
from keras import layers
from keras import Input
from keras import backend
import keras
from keras import models
import tensorflow as tf
# Generate the datasets:
n_obs = 1000
n_hots = 2
obs_mat = np.zeros((n_obs,n_hots),dtype=np.int32)
resp_mat = np.zeros((n_obs,1),dtype=np.int32)
# which position in the array should be "hot" ?
hot_locs = np.random.randint(n_hots, size=n_obs)
# set the bits:
for row,loc in zip(np.arange(n_obs),hot_locs):
obs_mat[row,loc] = 1
for idx in np.arange(n_obs):
if( (obs_mat[idx,:]==[1,0]).all() == True ):
resp_mat[idx] = 1
if( (obs_mat[idx,:]==[0,1]).all() == True ):
resp_mat[idx] = 0
# test data:
test_suite = np.identity(n_hots)
# Build the network
input_tensor = Input(shape=(n_hots,))
def custom_layer_1(tensor):
if tensor == [1,0]:
resp_1 = np.array([1,],dtype=np.int32)
k_resp_1 = backend.variable(value=resp_1)
return k_resp_1
elif tensor == [0,1]:
resp_0 = np.array([0,],dtype=np.int32)
k_resp_0 = backend.variable(value=resp_0)
return k_resp_0
else:
resp_e = np.array([-1,])
k_resp_e = backend.variable(value=resp_e)
return k_resp_e
print(tensor.shape)
layer_one = keras.layers.Lambda(custom_layer_1,output_shape = (None,))(input_tensor)
_model = Model(inputs=input_tensor, outputs = layer_one)
# compile
_model.compile(optimizer="adam",loss='mse')
#train (even thought there's nothing to train)
history_mdl = _model.fit(obs_mat,resp_mat,verbose=True,batch_size = 100,epochs = 10)
# test
_model.predict(test_suite)
# outputs: array([-1., -1.], dtype=float32)
test = np.array([1,0])
test = test.reshape(1,2)
_model.predict(test,verbose=True)
# outputs: -1
这看起来很简单,为什么它不起作用?感谢
有几个原因:
- 您正在比较2D张量
(samples, hots)
和1D张量(hots)
- 您在任何结果中都没有考虑批量大小
- 当
tf
是一个张量框架时,使用普通的if
可能不会得到好的结果
因此,建议是:
from keras import backend as K
def custom_layer(tensor):
#comparison tensors with compatible shape 2D: (dummy_batch, hots)
t10 = K.reshape(K.constant([1,0]), (1,2))
t01 = K.reshape(K.constant([0,1]), (1,2))
#comparison results - elementwise - shape (batch_size, 2)
is_t10 = K.equal(tensor, t10)
is_t01 = K.equal(tensor, t01)
#comparison results - per sample - shape (batch_size,)
is_t10 = K.all(is_t10, axis=-1)
is_t01 = K.all(is_t01, axis=-1)
#result options
zeros = K.zeros_like(is_t10, dtype='float32') #shape (batch_size,)
ones = K.ones_like(is_t10, dtype='float32') #shape (batch_size,)
negatives = -ones #shape (batch_size,)
#selecting options
result_01_or_else = K.switch(is_t01, zeros, negatives)
result = K.switch(is_t10, ones, result_01_or_else)
return result
警告:
- 这个层是不可微分的(它返回常量(-你将无法训练这个层之前的任何东西,如果你尝试,你会得到"一个操作具有
None
的梯度"错误- 输入
tensor
不能是其他层的输出,因为您要求它是精确的1或0