模拟对象方法调用使用Spring Boot和Mockito

Question

我正试图为这个Java SpringBoot的类写一个测试:

https://github.com/callistaenterprise/blog-microservices/blob/master/microservices/composite/product-composite-service/src/main/java/se/callista/microservices/composite/product/service/ProductCompositeIntegration.java

具体来说，我试图"模拟"这个方法调用:

URI uri = util.getServiceUrl("product");

我发现我应该"模拟"ServiceUtils对象才能做到这一点。我尝试使用@Mock和@InjectMocks注释:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class)
public class ProductCompositeIntegrationTest {
    @InjectMocks
    @Autowired
    private ProductCompositeIntegration productIntegration;
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Mock
    private ServiceUtils util;
    private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
    }
    @Test
    public void myTest() {
        Mockito.when(util.getServiceUrl("product")).thenReturn(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/test"));
        ResponseEntity<Iterable<Product>> products = productIntegration.getAllProducts();
    }
}

但是这样它仍然调用原来的ServiceUtils对象，而不是"mock"对象。也尝试在ProductCompositeIntegration上没有@Autowired注释，但这导致NullPointerException .

我做错了什么?

---

我的主类是这样的:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProductCompositeServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

我试图模拟的ServiceUtils对象在一个类中指定，用Spring的@Component注释进行注释，以使用@Autowired将其注入其他类。

Answer 1

经过反复试验，我终于解决了这个问题。

I drop the

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class)

测试类上面的注释。

我用@InjectMocks标记了我正在测试的类，用@Mock标记了依赖性:

public class ProductCompositeIntegrationTest {
    @InjectMocks
    private ProductCompositeIntegration productIntegration;
    @Mock
    private ServiceUtils util;
    private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
    private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    @Before
    public void init() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
        productIntegration.setRestTemplate(restTemplate);
    }
    @Test
    public void someTests() {
        when(util.getServiceUrl("product")).thenReturn(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/test"));
        //Test code...
    }
}

我不确定这是否是最好的方法("Spring方式")，但这对我来说很有效。

这篇文章让我明白了:http://rdafbn.blogspot.be/2014/01/testing-spring-components-with-mockito.html

Answer 2

你必须写一个像

这样的FactoryBean

public class MockitoFactoryBean<T> implements FactoryBean<T> {
 private Class<T> classToBeMocked;
 public MockitoFactoryBean(Class<T> classToBeMocked) {
    this.classToBeMocked = classToBeMocked;
 }

 @Override
 public T getObject() throws Exception {
     return Mockito.mock(classToBeMocked);
 }
 @Override
 public Class<?> getObjectType() {
    return classToBeMocked;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isSingleton() {
    return true;
 }
}

在您的test-context.xml中，您必须添加以下行:

 <bean id="serviceUtilMock"  class="MockitoFactoryBean">
   <constructor-arg value="your.package.ServiceUtil" />
 </bean>

如果不使用XML配置，则必须在Java配置中添加与上述相同的内容。