我正试图在JPA之上使用Spring和Hibernate实现。我想至少使用Spring进行注释、自动布线和；交易管理。不过，我一直在遇到以下问题。如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激！
我的GenericDAO实现：
package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Repository
@Transactional
public abstract class GenericDAO<K, T extends Serializable>
implements IGenericDAO<K, T>
{
protected Class<T> entityClass;
@PersistenceContext
protected EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
public GenericDAO()
{
ParameterizedType genericSuperclass = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
this.entityClass = (Class<T>) genericSuperclass.getActualTypeArguments()[1];
}
public T findOne(K id)
{
if(isEmpty(id)) { return null; }
return this.entityManager.find(entityClass, id);
}
public List<T> findAll()
{
return this.entityManager.createQuery("from " + entityClass.getName()).getResultList();
}
public void create(T entity)
{
this.entityManager.persist(entity);
this.entityManager.close();
}
public void update(T entity)
{
this.entityManager.merge(entity);
this.entityManager.flush();
this.entityManager.close();
}
public void delete(T entity)
{
this.entityManager.remove(entity);
this.entityManager.close();
}
public void deleteById(K id)
{
T entity = findOne(id);
delete(entity);
}
/**
* Utility method to determine if objects is empty or all elements are null for optimization purposes.
*
* @param objects the objects
* @return true, if is empty
*/
protected boolean isEmpty(Object...objects) {
if(objects.length == 0) {
return true;
}
for(Object o : objects) {
if(o != null) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
DAO本身：
package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;
import gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.model.Practice;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
/**
* The Class PracticeDAO for CRUD operations for Practice data.
*/
@Repository
@Transactional
public class PracticeDAO extends GenericDAO<String, Practice>
implements IPracticeDAO
{
public PracticeDAO(){}
/** The Constant logger. */
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(PracticeDAO.class);
@Override
public Practice findPersonByFullName(String full_Name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
}
测试DAO:并非所有测试都包含在空间中（在src/test/java中）
package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;
import gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.model.Practice;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/applicationContext.xml")
@Transactional
public class PracticeDAOTest extends TestCase
{
@Autowired
public PracticeDAO testPracticeDAO;
public void setPracticeDAO(PracticeDAO testPracticeDAO) {
this.testPracticeDAO = testPracticeDAO;
}
boolean doit = true;
@Test
public void testCreatePracticeDAO(){
if(doit){
Practice practice = generatePractice();
String porg = practice.getParentOrgName();
String pid = practice.getPracticeId();
//create
try {
testPracticeDAO.create(practice);
String pratice_id = testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid).getPracticeId();
assertEquals("Practice id check", pid, pratice_id);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AssertionFailedError("Practice Save failed");
}
// test update
try{
practice.setSiteName("baltimore");
if(testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid) !=null){
testPracticeDAO.update(practice);
String site_Name = testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid).getSiteName();
assertEquals("Practice Site check", "baltimore", site_Name);
}
} catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AssertionFailedError("Practice update failed!");
}
}
Persistence.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="1.0">
<persistence-unit name="ApplicationEntityManager">
<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
<properties>
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
value="xxxxxxxxx"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="xxxxxxx"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="xxxxxxx"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
applicationContext.xml（在src/main/resources中）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<tx:annotation-driven />
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:persistence.xml" />
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="ApplicationEntityManager" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
<property name="url" value="xxxxxxx" />
<property name="username" value="xxxxxxx" />
<property name="password" value="xxxxxxx" />
</bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao"/>
<!-- Add new DAOs here -->
<bean id="practiceDAO" class="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO"/>
<bean id="testPracticeDAO" class="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO"/>
<!-- Add new Managers here -->
</beans>
和STACKTRACE:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:252)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:141)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:112)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
... 32 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:924)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:793)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:707)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
... 34 more
Results :
Tests in error:
testCreatePracticeDAO(gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest): Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
testFindAllPractices(gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest): Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Spring声明性事务是使用代理实现的。默认情况下，如果代理类实现了一个接口，它将使用JDK动态代理，这就是这里所使用的，因为PracticeDAO实现了IPracticeDAO。
spring创建的代理实现了相同的接口IPracticeDAO，并且注册了该代理的bean。由于您在PracticeDAO上进行自动连接，代理bean不能自动连接，因为同级类的实例不兼容。这就是为什么您几乎应该总是在接口类型上使用@Autowired注释，而不是实现类类型。
在您的情况下，尝试在IPracticeDAO而不是PracticeDAO上进行自动布线，它会很好地工作。