我正在使用 Ubuntu 18.04.1 Nginx 1.14.0 和 PHP 7.2.7 设置一个新服务器 一切都很好，除了一个测试页面，我在其中设置了很多指向丢失图像的断开链接。 编辑：我决定根据本次讨论的结论提出一个新问题，即可能存在DNS配置错误。
服务器似乎需要很长时间才能意识到它们丢失并响应 http 请求。一些丢失的文件给出 HTTP 状态为 404，有些给出 502。是什么原因导致这些延迟和 502 错误？我在nginx或php配置中做错了什么吗？
在我的旧服务器上，我有完全相同的页面，加载速度非常快。我想解决的服务器设置必须存在差异。
编辑：服务器无法识别正在 server1.eu 的IPv6地址，但访问IPv4地址会立即显示 https://server1.eu
区域文件记录：
AAAA server1.eu directs to the IPv6 address
A server1.eu directs to the IPv4 address
Dayo 建议主机文件可能存在问题，但是如果将主机文件全部清空，问题仍然存在。以下是内容：
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
(the IPv6 address) localhost
127.0.1.1 host.server1.eu
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts
nginx服务器配置，当我删除"listen [：：]：443 ssl http2;"行时，一切正常：
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/server1.eu/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/server1.eu/privkey.pem;
include snippets/ssl-params.conf;
server_name server1.eu;
root /var/www/server1/webroot;
index index.php index.html index.htm ;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
}
}
nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 2048;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
# keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_min_length 1000;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
client_body_buffer_size 10K;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
client_max_body_size 100m;
large_client_header_buffers 4 8k;
fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
fastcgi_read_timeout 500; #gateway probleem
client_body_timeout 12;
client_header_timeout 12;
keepalive_timeout 25;
send_timeout 10;
}
我使用的php应用程序是Joomla 3.8.11，带有自定义脚本以显示自定义错误页面：
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
echo file_get_contents('https://server1.eu/404-page-not-found');
exit;
删除file_get_contents后，不再有错误。但是我想知道为什么，因为它曾经在我的旧服务器上工作正常(请参阅上面关于 DNS 的编辑)。此外，我需要此脚本在不更改地址栏的情况下正确显示HTTP状态404和自定义错误页面。
nginx错误的一部分.log：
2018/08/30 16:25:27 [error] 29228#29228: *76 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 2a02:a440:91e3:1:4481:654b:a3e8:9617, server: server1.eu, request: "GET /images/klanten1/JHoogeveen.gif HTTP/2.0", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock:", host: "server1.eu", referrer: "https://server1.eu/portfolio-2"
来自 php7.2-fpm 的消息.log(有很多类似的行)
[30-Aug-2018 16:16:08] WARNING: [pool www] server reached pm.max_children setting (15), consider raising it
[30-Aug-2018 16:16:27] WARNING: [pool www] child 29026, script '/var/www/server1/webroot/index.php' (request: "GET /index.php") execution timed out (22.937711 sec), terminating
[30-Aug-2018 16:16:27] WARNING: [pool www] child 29245 exited on signal 15 (SIGTERM) after 20.490546 seconds from start
[30-Aug-2018 16:16:27] NOTICE: [pool www] child 29263 started
下面是HTTP请求和回复的时间线，显示了对不存在的文件的请求和服务器的响应，有些给出404很好，有些给出502坏网关(在我的旧服务器上它们都是404的)。 编辑：有十五个502响应，正如Miknik在他的答案中所说，这个数字是并发PHP进程的最大数量。
GET https://server1.eu/portfolio-2 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 132ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/css/bootstrap.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 40ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/system/css/system.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 50ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/css/template.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 50ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/fonts/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 50ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/css/layouts/corporate.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 50ms]
GET https://server1.eu/media/jui/js/jquery.min.js?48b6d1b3850bca834b403c58682b4579 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 60ms]
GET https://server1.eu/media/jui/js/jquery-noconflict.js?48b6d1b3850bca834b403c58682b4579 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 60ms]
GET https://server1.eu/media/jui/js/jquery-migrate.min.js?48b6d1b3850bca834b403c58682b4579 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 60ms]
GET https://server1.eu/media/system/js/caption.js?48b6d1b3850bca834b403c58682b4579 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/plugins/system/t3/base-bs3/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js? 8b6d1b3850bca834b403c58682b4579 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 80ms]
GET https://server1.eu/plugins/system/t3/base-bs3/js/jquery.tap.min.js [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 80ms]
GET https://server1.eu/plugins/system/t3/base-bs3/js/script.js [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/plugins/system/t3/base-bs3/js/menu.js [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/js/script.js [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/plugins/system/t3/base-bs3/js/nav-collapse.js [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/css/custom-vuyk.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/schipper2.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23988ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Kuiper.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24038ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/WindMatch.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24008ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Tuinland.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24018ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Wezenberg.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24038ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Morgenster.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23998ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Harrie-boerhof.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24028ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Lococensus.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23998ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/JHoogeveen.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23978ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/DeDeur.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23988ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Runhaar.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23958ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Schunselaar-schildersbedrijf.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23948ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Capelle.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 23958ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Distantlake.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24038ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Eikenaar.gif [HTTP/2.0 502 Bad Gateway 24018ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/FFWD.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26274ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Veltec.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26791ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Heutink.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26811ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Lindeboom.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26777ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/aataxi.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26828ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Aewind.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26811ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/klanten1/Praatmaatgroep.gif [HTTP/2.0 404 Not Found 26800ms]
GET https://server1.eu/media/system/css/system.css [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 20ms]
JQMIGRATE: Migrate is installed, version 1.4.1 jquery-migrate.min.js:2:542
GET https://server1.eu/images/logo.gif [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 20ms]
GET https://server1.eu/images/reclame-en-communicatie.gif [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 20ms]
GET https://server1.eu/fonts/opensans-regular-webfont.woff [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 40ms]
GET https://server1.eu/templates/purity_iii/fonts/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.7.0 [HTTP/2.0 200 OK 70ms]
fastcgi.conf
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_SCHEME $scheme;
fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
PHP.ini
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions = pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_get_handler,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,pcntl_async_signals,
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = Off
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT
display_errors = Off
display_startup_errors = Off
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 28M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
default_charset = "UTF-8"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 20M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
cli_server.color = On
date.timezone = "Europe/Amsterdam"
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket =
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 0
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = -1
[mbstring]
mbstring.func_overload = 0
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
这是发生了什么。
它在您的错误日志中说server reached pm.max_children setting (15), consider raising it
因此，max.children 限制为 15 意味着 PHP-FPM 将在应用程序运行 15 个进程后停止启动进程，并且对传入的进程的任何更多请求都将排队，直到前面的进程之一结束。
您正在使用 php 脚本生成一个 404 页面，然后加载一个包含大量断开链接的页面，您的 Nginx try files 指令以 php 脚本结尾：
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
从Nginx文档中，这意味着：
如果未找到任何文件，则内部重定向到 uri 在最后一个参数中指定。
因此，对于每个断开的链接，您只需在队列中添加一个额外的 php 进程。如果您在日志中计算 502 个错误，您将看到有 15 个错误。因为 Nginx 寻找 15/index.php?$args它找不到，所以试图显示一个 404，你猜怎么着？是用 php 生成的，现在一切都坏了。
15 个进程无法返回 404，因为已达到进程限制，并且它们每个进程都需要另一个进程来生成 404 页面，因此在它们超时之前，没有更多的进程为您服务。
无论如何，以这种方式提供 404 页面的整个想法是疯狂的。这是一个静态页面，你应该从Nginx提供它，因为Web服务器非常擅长快速提供静态内容，将其传递给php，而php又从您自己的服务器再次请求它完全没有意义。
将自定义页面下载到文件：
curl -o /var/www/vuyk.eu/webroot/404.html https://test.vuyk.eu/404-page-not-found
现在在你的 Nginx conf 中添加一个错误页面指令：
error_page 404 /404.html;
现在，您让 Nginx 提供自定义错误页面，而无需更改客户端 URL，并且您的服务器绝对没有负载。
似乎您尝试加载的图像不可用，并且请求被传递到 PHP 生成 404 页面。您的自定义 404 页面正在通过 http 获取资源
echo file_get_contents('https://test.vuyk.eu/404-page-not-found');
如果此提取速度很慢，您的脚本可能会执行很长时间，这可能会导致超时。此外，这可能会导致请求堆积并耗尽服务器资源。
尝试用更快的方式替换此获取，您可以尝试直接从文件系统读取/包含 404 页数据。
关于为什么在新服务器上这很慢，有两种广泛的可能性。
- 网络服务器/PHP 的问题
- 域名解析问题
要进行故障排除，请在服务器上输入命令行，然后尝试使用 wget 或 cURL 获取丢失的文件。如果您得到的响应速度与预期一样快，那么您很可能遇到了Web服务器/PHP的问题。如果速度也很慢，则问题出在新服务器上的DNS设置上。
无论如何，似乎对外部 URL 使用file_get_contents会导致时髦的结果。(是的，这些文件在您的服务器上，但由于您有一个完整的 URL，因此它被视为外部 URL)。
所以而不是...
echo file_get_contents('https://test.vuyk.eu/404-page-not-found');
用
echo file_get_contents('/server/path/to/404-page-not-found');
如果你不能这样做，因为404-page-not-found不是物理文件，必须通过Joomla运行才能生成，那么为什么不使用cUrl呢？这专门用于"外部"文件。
function curlFile($url) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
$ret = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
return $ret;
}
echo curlFile('https://test.vuyk.eu/404-page-not-found');
请注意，如果您发现 DNS 问题，您仍然需要解决该问题。