Spring启动WebMvcTest，为什么我在提供模拟的UserDetailsService时会得到这个NullPoi

Question

我正在尝试在Spring引导中创建一些@WebMvcTest案例。我有一个正在测试的控制器，我正在尝试使用@WithUserDetails，这样我就可以测试作为参数传递给我的控制器方法的Authentication对象。

我有一个名为EmployeeDetails的自定义UserDetails扩展。

我用@MockBean模拟我的UserDetailsService，并让它使用given(userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(anyString())).willReturn(new EmployeeDetails(employee, account));返回一个自定义的EmployeeDetails对象

然而，当我运行测试时，我得到了以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to create SecurityContext using @org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithUserDetails(setupBefore=TEST_METHOD, userDetailsServiceBeanName=userDetailsService, value=[e-mail])
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.createTestSecurityContext(WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.java:126)
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.createTestSecurityContext(WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.java:96)
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.java:62)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory.createSecurityContext(WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory.java:63)
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory.createSecurityContext(WithUserDetailsSecurityContextFactory.java:44)
at org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.createTestSecurityContext(WithSecurityContextTestExecutionListener.java:123)
... 23 more

是什么原因造成的？我不明白。我的印象是，模拟的UserDetailsService应该返回我在given调用中提供的对象。为什么我得到NullPointer？有人能给我指正确的方向吗？

谢谢！

这是我的测试用例：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(PDPController.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc(addFilters = false)
public class PDPControllerTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@MockBean
private PDPService pdpService;
@MockBean(name = "userDetailsService")
private MyUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

//..

@Test
@WithUserDetails(value = "[e-mail]", userDetailsServiceBeanName = "userDetailsService")
public void testSaveBackground_returns_result_from_service() throws Exception {
PersonalDevelopmentPlan pdp = new PersonalDevelopmentPlan();
pdp.setEmployee(EMPLOYEE_ID);
Account account = new Account();
Employee employee = new Employee();
given(pdpService.saveBackground(eq(EMPLOYEE_ID), any(), anyInt())).willReturn(pdp);
given(userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(anyString())).willReturn(new EmployeeDetails(employee, account));
mvc.perform(patch(URL_WITH_ID + "/background").secure(true)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(pdp)))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.employee", Matchers.is(EMPLOYEE_ID)));
}

} 

Answer 1

• 添加以下内容

@PostConstruct
public void setup() {
Account account = new Account();
Employee employee = new Employee();
given(userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(anyString()))
.willReturn(new EmployeeDetails(employee, account));
}

• 并从测试方法内部删除以下行

given(userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(anyString()))
.willReturn(new EmployeeDetails(employee, account));