使用 sed 搜索和替换

Question

我在/tmp 位置有一个名为 config.ini 的文件。内容如下。

[vivek@localhost ~]$ cat /tmp/config.ini
[site]
"name"="Site 0"
[node]
"name"="Node 0"
[systemsecurity]
[systemsecuritywebserver]
"level"="high"
[tacacs]
"interface"="0"
"enable"=dword:00000000
"port"=dword:00000031
"allowPersistentTCPConnections"=dword:00000001
[misc]
"adminsyspassword"="$ADMIN_PASSWD"
"adminuser"="admin"
[vivek@localhost ~]$

我需要将"管理员密码"替换为/etc/shadow 文件值中的值。我使用以下带有awk命令的shell脚本来获取ini文件的"adminsyspassword"键的新值。

[vivek@localhost ~]$ cat /tmp/a.sh
#! /bin/sh
echo "Fetching the admin encrypted Password from the /etc/shadow file"
ADMIN_PASSWD=`sudo awk -F: '/admin/ { print $2}' /etc/shadow`
PARAM_TO_CHANGE='^("adminsyspassword"=)'
ANYTHING='.*'
SEARCH_PATTERN=${PARAM_TO_CHANGE}${ANYTHING}
REPLACE_PATTERN=""${ADMIN_PASSWD}""
sed 's|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1\$REPLACE_PATTERN|' /tmp/config.ini
[vivek@localhost ~]$

假设通过 awk 命令接收的值存储在 ADMIN_PASSWD 变量中。并且 $ADMIN_PASSWORD 的值是在以调试格式运行 shell 脚本时捕获的。

[vivek@localhost ~]$ bash -x /tmp/a.sh
+ echo 'Fetching the admin encrypted Password from the /etc/shadow file'
Fetching the admin encrypted Password from the /etc/shadow file
++ sudo awk -F: '/admin/ { print $2}' /etc/shadow
+ ADMIN_PASSWD='$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0'
+ PARAM_TO_CHANGE='^("adminsyspassword"=)'
+ ANYTHING='.*'
+ SEARCH_PATTERN='^("adminsyspassword"=).*'
+ REPLACE_PATTERN='"$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0"'
+ echo 'sed '''s|^("adminsyspassword"=).*|1"$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0"|''' /tmp/config.ini'
sed 's|^("adminsyspassword"=).*|1"$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0"|' /tmp/config.ini
+ sed 's|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1\$REPLACE_PATTERN|' /tmp/config.ini
[site]
"name"="Site 0"
[node]
"name"="Node 0"
[systemsecurity]
[systemsecuritywebserver]
"level"="high"
[tacacs]
"interface"="0"
"enable"=dword:00000000
"port"=dword:00000031
"allowPersistentTCPConnections"=dword:00000001
[misc]
"adminsyspassword"="$ADMIN_PASSWD"
"adminpassword"="MD5-71293d5fd498273ca795a80ea9fa73c7"
"adminuser"="admin"
[vivek@localhost ~]$

我无法理解为什么 sed 命令对我不起作用。

我哪里出错了？

更新：

我尝试在 shell 脚本中添加 echo 命令，以查看实际传递的内容。

echo "sed 's|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1\$REPLACE_PATTERN|' /tmp/config.ini"
sed 's|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1\$REPLACE_PATTERN|' /tmp/config.ini

现在扩展版本可以工作了，但是如何在shell脚本中制作它？

[vivek@localhost ~]$ sed 's|^("adminsyspassword"=).*|1"$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0"|' /tmp/config.ini
[site]
"name"="Site 0"
[node]
"name"="Node 0"
[systemsecurity]
[systemsecuritywebserver]
"level"="high"
[tacacs]
"interface"="0"
"enable"=dword:00000000
"port"=dword:00000031
"allowPersistentTCPConnections"=dword:00000001
[misc]
"adminsyspassword"="$6$2qeizEuc$082jxqqkpJJPQuUbJD/aO2zA5SSmibjSY7cEDpNxj9eQhKxhO2NT40O9FmQEe1TbN0KWTNbt.9EZxMQXZNo1A0"
"adminpassword"="MD5-71293d5fd498273ca795a80ea9fa73c7"
"adminuser"="admin"
[vivek@localhost ~]$

感谢所有的帮助。我得到了解决方案，需要以这种格式进行更改。

[vivek@localhost ~]$ cat /tmp/a.sh
#! /bin/sh
echo "Fetching the admin encrypted Password from the /etc/shadow file"
ADMIN_PASSWD=`sudo awk -F: '/admin/ { print $2}' /etc/shadow`
PARAM_TO_CHANGE='^("adminsyspassword"=)'
ANYTHING='.*'
SEARCH_PATTERN=${PARAM_TO_CHANGE}${ANYTHING}
REPLACE_PATTERN=""${ADMIN_PASSWD}""
sed "s|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1\$REPLACE_PATTERN|" /tmp/config.ini

Answer 1

问题是在

调用 sed 命令时使用单引号会阻止 shell 扩展SEARCH_PATTERN并REPLACE_PATTERN shell 变量。这会导致这些字符串从字面上传递到sed程序。

sed 's|$SEARCH_PATTERN|\1$REPLACE_PATTERN|' /tmp/config.ini

要使 shell 进行参数扩展，应删除单引号或用双引号替换。我将简化 sed 命令以搜索/tmp/config.ini中的文字字符串$ADMIN_PASSWD并将其替换为 ADMIN_PASSWD shell 变量的内容：

sed s/$ADMIN_PASSWD/$ADMIN_PASSWD/ /tmp/config.ini