如何修复'Cannot add foreign key constraint'错误(字符串列)



我需要在两个表之间创建外键。与此 SQL 查询类比:

`alter table `katalog` add constraint `katalog_atribut_foreign` 
foreign key (`atribut`) references `polozka_sabl` (`atribut`)`

我一直得到的错误:

IlluminateDatabaseQueryException  : SQLSTATE[HY000]: General 
error: 1215 Cannot add foreign key constraint (SQL: alter table 
`katalog` add constraint `katalog_atribut_foreign` foreign key 
(`atribut`) references `polozka_sabl` (`atribut`))

我试图添加"整理"方法,但结果没有任何反应。仍然收到错误

2019_04_02_230803_create_katalog.php:

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('katalog', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->engine = 'InnoDB';
            $table->string('atribut')->collate('utf8_general_ci');
            $table->string('popis');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
         Schema::table('katalog', function($table) {
            $table->primary('atribut');
            $table->foreign('atribut')->references('atribut')->on('polozka_sabl');
        });
    }

2019_04_02_230754_create_polozka_sabl.php:

    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('polozka_sabl', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->engine = 'InnoDB';
            $table->bigInteger('idproj')->unsigned();
            $table->string('atribut')->collate('utf8_general_ci');
            $table->primary(['idproj', 'atribut']);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
        Schema::table('polozka_sabl', function($table) {
            $table->foreign('idproj')->references('idproj')->on('projekt');
        });
    }

你可以帮我吗?我试图谷歌,但没有什么真正为我解决它。

在第一次迁移中:

$table->primary('atribut');
$table->foreign('atribut')->references('atribut')->on('polozka_sabl');

与主键和外键相同的列。这可能是一个问题。尝试删除主键。如果你真的需要它是唯一的,那么你可以让它成为唯一的键。

引用的列必须具有索引:

Schema::create('polozka_sabl', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->engine = 'InnoDB';
    $table->bigInteger('idproj')->unsigned();
    $table->string('atribut')->collate('utf8_general_ci')->index();
    $table->primary(['idproj', 'atribut']);                ^^^^^^^
    $table->timestamps();
});

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