Stackoverflow对我有很大的帮助，我会回馈社区。我一直在使用TinyThread++网站C++可移植线程库来实现一个简单的线程池，使用我从Stackoverflow学到的知识。我是线程编程的新手，所以对互斥体等不太满意。我有一个问题最好在展示代码（在 Linux 下运行得很好）后问：
// ThreadPool.h
class ThreadPool
{
public:
ThreadPool();
~ThreadPool();
// Creates a pool of threads and gets them ready to be used
void CreateThreads(int numOfThreads);
// Assigns a job to a thread in the pool, but doesn't start the job
// Each SubmitJob call will use up one thread of the pool.
// This operation can only be undone by calling StartJobs and
// then waiting for the jobs to complete. On completion,
// new jobs may be submitted.
void SubmitJob( void (*workFunc)(void *), void *workData );
// Begins execution of all the jobs in the pool.
void StartJobs();
// Waits until all jobs have completed.
// The wait will block the caller.
// On completion, new jobs may be submitted.
void WaitForJobsToComplete();
private:
enum typeOfWorkEnum { e_work, e_quit };
class ThreadData
{
public:
bool ready; // thread has been created and is ready for work
bool haveWorkToDo;
typeOfWorkEnum typeOfWork;
// Pointer to the work function each thread has to call.
void (*workFunc)(void *);
// Pointer to work data
void *workData;
ThreadData() : ready(false), haveWorkToDo(false) { };
};
struct ThreadArgStruct
{
ThreadPool *threadPoolInstance;
int threadId;
};
// Data for each thread
ThreadData *m_ThreadData;
ThreadPool(ThreadPool const&); // copy ctor hidden
ThreadPool& operator=(ThreadPool const&); // assign op. hidden
// Static function that provides the function pointer that a thread can call
// By including the ThreadPool instance in the void * parameter,
// we can use it to access other data and methods in the ThreadPool instance.
static void ThreadFuncWrapper(void *arg)
{
ThreadArgStruct *threadArg = static_cast<ThreadArgStruct *>(arg);
threadArg->threadPoolInstance->ThreadFunc(threadArg->threadId);
}
// The function each thread calls
void ThreadFunc( int threadId );
// Called by the thread pool destructor
void DestroyThreadPool();
// Total number of threads available
// (fixed on creation of thread pool)
int m_numOfThreads;
int m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork;
int m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs;
// List of threads
std::vector<tthread::thread *> m_ThreadList;
// Condition variable to signal each thread has been created and executing
tthread::mutex m_ThreadReady_mutex;
tthread::condition_variable m_ThreadReady_condvar;
// Condition variable to signal each thread to start work
tthread::mutex m_WorkToDo_mutex;
tthread::condition_variable m_WorkToDo_condvar;
// Condition variable to signal the main thread that
// all threads in the pool have completed their work
tthread::mutex m_WorkCompleted_mutex;
tthread::condition_variable m_WorkCompleted_condvar;
};
CPP 文件：
//
// ThreadPool.cpp
//
#include "ThreadPool.h"
// This is the thread function for each thread.
// All threads remain in this function until
// they are asked to quit, which only happens
// when terminating the thread pool.
void ThreadPool::ThreadFunc( int threadId )
{
ThreadData *myThreadData = &m_ThreadData[threadId];
std::cout << "Hello world: Thread " << threadId << std::endl;
// Signal that this thread is ready
m_ThreadReady_mutex.lock();
myThreadData->ready = true;
m_ThreadReady_condvar.notify_one(); // notify the main thread
m_ThreadReady_mutex.unlock();
while(true)
{
//tthread::lock_guard<tthread::mutex> guard(m);
m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock();
while(!myThreadData->haveWorkToDo) // check for work to do
m_WorkToDo_condvar.wait(m_WorkToDo_mutex); // if no work, wait here
myThreadData->haveWorkToDo = false; // need to do this before unlocking the mutex
m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock();
// Do the work
switch(myThreadData->typeOfWork)
{
case e_work:
std::cout << "Thread " << threadId << ": Woken with work to don";
// Do work
myThreadData->workFunc(myThreadData->workData);
std::cout << "#Thread " << threadId << ": Work is completedn";
break;
case e_quit:
std::cout << "Thread " << threadId << ": Asked to quitn";
return; // ends the thread
}
// Now to signal the main thread that my work is completed
m_WorkCompleted_mutex.lock();
m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork--;
// Unsure if this 'if' would make the program more efficient
// if(m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork == 0)
m_WorkCompleted_condvar.notify_one(); // notify the main thread
m_WorkCompleted_mutex.unlock();
}
}
ThreadPool::ThreadPool()
{
m_numOfThreads = 0; m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = 0; m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0;
}
ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
{
if(m_numOfThreads)
{
DestroyThreadPool();
delete [] m_ThreadData;
}
}
void ThreadPool::CreateThreads(int numOfThreads)
{
// Check if a thread pool has already been created
if(m_numOfThreads > 0)
return;
m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0;
m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = 0;
m_numOfThreads = numOfThreads;
m_ThreadData = new ThreadData[m_numOfThreads];
ThreadArgStruct threadArg;
for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i)
{
threadArg.threadId = i;
threadArg.threadPoolInstance = this;
// Creates the thread and saves it in a list so we can destroy it later
m_ThreadList.push_back( new tthread::thread( ThreadFuncWrapper, (void *)&threadArg ) );
// It takes a little time for a thread to get established.
// Best wait until it gets established before creating the next thread.
m_ThreadReady_mutex.lock();
while(!m_ThreadData[i].ready) // Check if thread is ready
m_ThreadReady_condvar.wait(m_ThreadReady_mutex); // If not, wait here
m_ThreadReady_mutex.unlock();
}
}
// Assigns a job to a thread, but doesn't start the job
void ThreadPool::SubmitJob(void (*workFunc)(void *), void *workData)
{
// Check if the thread pool has been created
if(!m_numOfThreads)
return;
if(m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs >= m_numOfThreads)
return;
m_ThreadData[m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs].workFunc = workFunc;
m_ThreadData[m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs].workData = workData;
std::cout << "Submitted job " << m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs << std::endl;
m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs++;
}
void ThreadPool::StartJobs()
{
// Check that the thread pool has been created
// and some jobs have been assigned
if(!m_numOfThreads || !m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs)
return;
// Set 'haveworkToDo' flag for all threads
m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock();
for(int i=0; i<m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs; ++i)
{
m_ThreadData[i].typeOfWork = e_work; // forgot to do this !
m_ThreadData[i].haveWorkToDo = true;
}
m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs;
// Reset this counter so we can resubmit jobs later
m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0;
// Notify all threads they have work to do
m_WorkToDo_condvar.notify_all();
m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock();
}
void ThreadPool::WaitForJobsToComplete()
{
// Check that a thread pool has been created
if(!m_numOfThreads)
return;
m_WorkCompleted_mutex.lock();
while(m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork > 0) // Check if all threads have completed their work
m_WorkCompleted_condvar.wait(m_WorkCompleted_mutex); // If not, wait here
m_WorkCompleted_mutex.unlock();
}
void ThreadPool::DestroyThreadPool()
{
std::cout << "Ask threads to quitn";
m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock();
for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i)
{
m_ThreadData[i].haveWorkToDo = true;
m_ThreadData[i].typeOfWork = e_quit;
}
m_WorkToDo_condvar.notify_all();
m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock();
// As each thread terminates, catch them here
for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i)
{
tthread::thread *t = m_ThreadList[i];
// Wait for thread to complete
t->join();
}
m_numOfThreads = 0;
}
用法示例：（这通过对平方的倒数求和来计算 pi-平方/6）实际上，此用法示例并行运行相同的计算 10 次。更实际的用法是让每个线程计算一组不同的求和项。然后，通过在池作业完成后添加所有线程结果来获得最终结果。
struct CalculationDataStruct
{
int inputVal;
double outputVal;
};
void LongCalculation( void *theSums )
{
CalculationDataStruct *sums = (CalculationDataStruct *)theSums;
int terms = sums->inputVal;
double sum;
for(int i=1; i<terms; i++)
sum += 1.0/( double(i)*double(i) );
sums->outputVal = sum;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int numThreads = 10;
// Create pool
ThreadPool threadPool;
threadPool.CreateThreads(numThreads);
// Create thread workspace
CalculationDataStruct sums[numThreads];
// Set up jobs
for(int i=0; i<numThreads; i++)
{
sums[i].inputVal = 3000*(i+1);
threadPool.SubmitJob(LongCalculation, &sums[i]);
}
// Run the jobs
threadPool.StartJobs();
threadPool.WaitForJobsToComplete();
// Print results
for(int i=0; i<numThreads; i++)
std::cout << "Sum of " << sums[i].inputVal << " terms is " << sums[i].outputVal << std::endl;
return 0;
}
问题：在 ThreadPool：：ThreadFunc 方法中，如果以下 if 语句，将获得更好的性能
if(NumOfThreadsDoingWork == 0)
包括在内？另外，我将不胜感激批评和改进代码的方法。同时，我希望代码对其他人有用。
首先，你可能想看看C++11的"std：：thread"和"std：：mutex"。您可能还想研究英特尔的"线程构建模块"，它为工作分配提供了许多模式。对于可移植的、跨平台的、C++封装的API，我通常使用OpenThreads库。最后，您可以使用消息传递库（如 ZeroMQ）构建可扩展的分布式工作负载，而无需互斥锁。
查看您当前的代码，我最担心的是您似乎没有锁定用于将工作分配给线程的变量;我假设这是因为您已经将SubmitJob和StartWork分开了。
但最终，您的 ThreadPool 不是线程安全的。
它也是一个带有工作类型等的复杂 API。你可能需要抽象出"工作"的概念。下面是我这样做的一个示例，您可能希望将大部分代码封装回 ThreadPool 类;此外，终止方法（NULL 作业）有点人为，您可能想使用pthread_cancel，但这很好地为本演示提供了服务。
#include <queue>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static int jobNo = 0;
class Job {
public:
Job() : m_i(++jobNo) { printf("Created job %d.n", m_i); }
int m_i;
void Execute() { printf("Job %d executing.n", m_i); usleep(500 * 1000); }
};
std::queue<Job*> queue;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
void AddJob(Job* job) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
queue.push(job);
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
void* QueueWorker(void* /*threadInfo*/) {
Job* job = NULL;
for (;;) {
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while ( queue.empty() ) {
// unlock the mutex until the cond is signal()d or broadcast() to.
// if this call succeeds, we will have the mutex locked again on the other side.
pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);
}
// take the first task and then release the lock.
job = queue.front();
queue.pop();
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
if ( job == NULL ) {
// in this demonstration, NULL ends the run, so forward to any other threads.
AddJob(NULL);
break;
}
job->Execute();
delete job;
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
pthread_t worker1, worker2;
pthread_create(&worker1, NULL, &QueueWorker, NULL);
pthread_create(&worker2, NULL, &QueueWorker, NULL);
srand(time(NULL));
// queue 5 jobs with delays.
for ( size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i ) {
long delay = (rand() % 800) * 1000;
printf("Producer sleeping %fsn", (float)delay / (1000*1000));
usleep(delay);
Job* job = new Job();
AddJob(job);
}
// 5 more without delays.
for ( size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i ) {
AddJob(new Job);
}
// null to end the run.
AddJob(NULL);
printf("Done with jobs.n");
pthread_join(worker1, NULL);
pthread_join(worker2, NULL);
return 0;
}