c-在自己的位置反转一个字符数组



在一次采访中问了我这个问题

我应该在自己的位置反转字符数组,而不是反转整个字符数组。

如果

  char *ch="krishna is the best";

然后我应该以这样一种方式反转,输出应该像一样

   anhsirk si eht tseb

我无法在面试中编写代码。有人能建议我如何编写代码吗。?

这能在指针的帮助下完成吗?

如果面试官没有告诉我将其反转到自己的位置,那么使用数组中的另一个字符数组会很容易吗?

你的面试官都不能为此编写代码

char *ch="krishna is the best"; 

您无法更改只读内存中的数据,并且ch指向只读内存。

更新:-N1548(§6.7.9)摘录

示例8
声明
char s[] = "abc", t[3] = "abc";
定义"plain"字符数组对象s和t,它们的元素是用字符串文字初始化的
此声明与
相同char s[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', '' },t[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c' };
数组的内容是可修改的

另一方面,声明
char *p = "abc";
使用类型‘‘pointer to char’’定义p,并将其初始化为指向类型‘‘array of char’’的对象长度为4,其元素用字符串文字初始化。如果尝试使用p修改数组的内容,行为未定义

您可以看到在这种数据类型上应用交换是危险的。

建议将代码写为:-

char ch[]="krishna is the best";然后在每次遇到空间字符时应用XOR交换。

如果我理解得当,这听起来并不太难。伪码:

let p = ch
while *p != ''
  while *p is whitespace
    ++p
  let q = last word character starting from p
  reverse the bytes between p and q
  let p = q + 1

一旦有了指向开始和结束的指针,字节范围的反转就变得微不足道了。只需循环一半的距离,然后交换字节。

当然,正如其他地方所指出的,我假设ch中的缓冲区实际上是可修改的,这需要对您显示的代码进行更改。

 char *ch="krishna is the best";

不行,这是一个指向只读字符串文字的指针。让我们想象一下,你的面试官认识C,并写下了以下内容:

char str[]="krishna is the best";

然后你可以做这样的事情:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
char* str_reverse_word (char* str)
{
  char* begin;
  char* end;
  char* the_end;
  char  tmp;
  while(isspace(*str)) /* remove leading spaces from the string*/
  {
    str++;
  }
  begin = str;
  end = str;

  while(!isspace(*end) && *end != '') /* find the end of the sub string */
  {
    end++;
  }
  the_end = end; /* save this location and return it later */
  end--; /* move back 1 step to point at the last valid character */

  while(begin < end)
  {
    tmp = *begin;
    *begin = *end;
    *end = tmp;
    begin++;
    end--;
  }
  return the_end;
}
void str_reverse_sentence (char* str)
{
  do
  {
    str = str_reverse_word(str);
  } while (*str != '');
}
int main (void)
{
  char str[]="krishna is the best";
  str_reverse_sentence (str);
  puts(str);
}

您可以逐字颠倒。

只需读取该字符串直到' '(space),即您将获得krishna并反转该字符串,然后继续读取原始字符串直到另一个' '(space)并继续反转该字符串。

字符串真的必须在适当的位置反转吗,还是只是输出需要反转?

如果是前者,那么你就有问题了。如果申报真的是

char *ch = "krishna is the best";

然后您正试图修改字符串文字,而尝试修改字符串文字时的行为是未定义的。如果您在一个字符串文本存储在只读内存中的平台上工作,则会出现运行时错误。您要么需要将申报更改为

char ch[] = "krishna is the best";

或者分配一个动态缓冲区并将字符串的内容复制到

char *ch = "krishna is the best";
char *buf = malloc(strlen(ch) + 1);
if (buf)
{
  strcpy(buf, ch);
  // reverse the contents of buf
}

以便在适当的位置实现反转

如果只需要反转输出,那么存储并不重要,只需要几个指针来跟踪每个子字符串的开头和结尾。例如:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
  char *ch = "krishna is the best";
  char *start, *end;
  // point to the beginning of the string
  start = ch;
  // find the next space in the string
  end = strchr(start, ' ');
  // while there are more spaces in the string
  while (end != NULL)
  {
    // set up a temporary pointer, starting at the space following the
    // current word
    char *p = end;
    // while aren't at the beginning of the current word, decrement the
    // pointer and print the character it points to
    while (p-- != start)
      putchar(*p);
    putchar(' ');
    // find the next space character, starting at the character
    // following the previous space character.
    start = end + 1;
    end = strchr(start, ' ');
  }
  // We didn't find another space character, meaning we're at the start of
  // the last word in the string.  We find the end by adding the length of the
  // last word to the start pointer.
  end = start + strlen(start);
  // Work our way back to the start of the word, printing
  // each character.
  while (end-- != start)
    putchar(*end);
  putchar('n');
  fflush(stdout);
  return 0;
}

也许有更好的方法可以做到这一点,这只是我的想法。

目前还不确定具体的代码,但以下是我的操作方法(假设您能够重写原始变量)。

1) 使用空格作为分隔符将字符串拆分为单词数组

2) 循环遍历数组并按的相反顺序对单词进行排序

3) 重新生成字符串并将其赋值回变量。

这里有一个使用XOR:的就地交换

void reverseStr(char *string)
{
    char *start = string;
    char *end = string + strlen(string) - 1;
    while (end > start) {
        if (*start != *end)
        {
            *start = *start ^ *end;
            *end   = *start ^ *end;
            *start = *start ^ *end;
        }
        start++;
        end--;
    }
}

当然,这是假设string在可写内存中,所以不要抱怨它不是。

如果你需要先把单词分开,给我几分钟时间,我会写一些东西。

编辑:

对于用空格分隔的单词(0x20),以下代码应该有效:

void reverseStr(char *string)
{
    // pointer to start of word
    char *wordStart = string;
    // pointer to end of word
    char *wordEnd = NULL;
    // whether we should stop or not
    char stop = 0;
    while (!stop)
    {
        // find the end of the first word
        wordEnd = strchr(wordStart, ' ');
        if (wordEnd == NULL) 
        {
            // if we didn't a word, then search for the end of the string, then stop after this iteration
            wordEnd = strchr(wordStart, '');
            stop = 1; // last word in string
        }
        // in place XOR swap
        char *start = wordStart;
        char *end   = wordEnd - 1; // -1 for the space
        while (end > start) {
            if (*start != *end)
            {
                *start = *start ^ *end;
                *end   = *start ^ *end;
                *start = *start ^ *end;
            }
            start++;
            end--;
        }
        wordStart = wordEnd + 1; // +1 for the space
    }
}
Here is my working solution ->  
 #include<stdio.h>
    #include<ctype.h>
    #include<string.h>
    char * reverse(char *begin, char *end)
    {
      char temp;
      while (begin < end)
      {
        temp = *begin;
        *begin++ = *end;
        *end-- = temp;
      }
    }
    /*Function to reverse words*/
    char * reverseWords(char *s)
    {
      char *word_begin = s;
      char *temp = s; /* temp is for word boundry */
      while( *temp )
      {
        temp++;
        if (*temp == '')
        {
          reverse(word_begin, temp-1);
        }
        else if(*temp == ' ')
        {
          reverse(word_begin, temp-1);
          word_begin = temp+1;
        }
      } /* End of while */
      return s;
    }
    int main(void)
    {
        char str[]="This is the test";
        printf("nOriginal String is -> %s",str);
        printf("nReverse Words t   -> %s",reverseWords(str));
      return 0;
    }
Here is my working solution ->  
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<string.h>
char * reverse(char *begin, char *end)
{
  char temp;
  while (begin < end)
  {
    temp = *begin;
    *begin++ = *end;
    *end-- = temp;
  }
}
/*Function to reverse words*/
char * reverseWords(char *s)
{
  char *word_begin = s;
  char *temp = s; /* temp is for word boundry */
  while( *temp )
  {
    temp++;
    if (*temp == '')
    {
      reverse(word_begin, temp-1);
    }
    else if(*temp == ' ')
    {
      reverse(word_begin, temp-1);
      word_begin = temp+1;
    }
  } /* End of while */
  return s;
}
int main(void)
{
    char str[]="This is the test";
    printf("nOriginal String is -> %s",str);
    printf("nReverse Words t   -> %s",reverseWords(str));
  return 0;
}

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