我正在尝试将Qt库用于Visual Studio的CMake项目。我能够使用CMake找到所有Qt5组件(如Qt5Sql和Qt5Core)。当我为测试做源文件时，我也可以访问Qt对象。
但是，在我完成构建并尝试运行生成的可执行文件后，它抱怨您的计算机中缺少"Qt5Sql.dll"。然后，我将dll复制到可执行文件所在的构建文件夹中，但这并没有解决问题。然而，虽然我认为Qt5Core也在测试中使用，但它并没有抱怨Qt5Core，也没有说它缺失了。
以下是我的问题：
- 为什么Qt组件可用于源文件，但不适用于可执行文件？我应该在哪里保存 dll 文件，以便 exe 文件可以找到它们？
- 我已经阅读了很多关于静态、动态和共享库的文档，但仍然对它们在这种情况下的应用方式感到困惑。如何在部署中包含 Qt 组件，以便 exe 不需要查找 dll？这是一个非常基本的问题，但任何帮助都值得赞赏！
- 为什么exe试图找到"Qt5Sql.dll"而不是"QtCore.dll"？我相信两者都在测试文件中使用。
- 为什么当我已经在 CMakeLists.txt 中链接了库文件时，它会查找 dll 文件。
使用的工具和系统：CMake 3.8.1，Qt 5.9测试版，Visual Studio 2017，Windows 10
以下是我用于测试的CMakeList.txt：
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)
project(testQt)
set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH D:\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\lib\cmake)
set (CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set (CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
find_package(Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS
Core
Sql
Widgets
Gui
)
add_executable(test test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(test
Qt5::Core
Qt5::Sql
)
以下是测试.cpp。我已经尝试了测试.cpp在Qt创建器中，它在那里工作。它只是建立与本地数据库的连接。
#include <QtDebug>
#include <QString>
#include <QtSql>
#include <QSqlDatabase>
#include <QtSql/QSqlDatabase>
#include <QtSql/QSqlError>
#include <QtSql/QSqlDriver>
int main()
{
QString servername = "DESKTOP-NAME\SQLEXPRESS";
QString dbname = "sql_db_test";
QSqlDatabase db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QODBC");
db.setConnectOptions();
QString dsn = QString("Driver={SQL Server};Server=%1;DATABASE=%2;Trusted_Connection=Yes;").arg(servername).arg(dbname);
db.setDatabaseName(dsn);
qDebug() << db.connectionName();
return 0;
}
[编辑] 下面是来自 Dependency Walker 的日志文件
***************************| Module Dependency Tree |***************************
* *
* Legend: F Forwarded Module ? Missing Module 6 64-bit Module *
* D Delay Load Module ! Invalid Module *
* * Dynamic Module E Import/Export Mismatch or Load Failure *
* ^ Duplicate Module *
* *
********************************************************************************
[ 6] test.EXE
[ ? ] QT5SQLD.DLL
[ ? ] QT5CORED.DLL
[ 6] MSVCP140D.DLL
[ ^6] VCRUNTIME140D.DLL
[ ^6] UCRTBASED.DLL
[ ^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[D 6] CONCRT140D.DLL
[ ^6] MSVCP140D.DLL
[ ^6] VCRUNTIME140D.DLL
[ ^6] UCRTBASED.DLL
[ ^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] VCRUNTIME140D.DLL
[ ^6] UCRTBASED.DLL
[ ^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] UCRTBASED.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-STRING-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-TIMEZONE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HANDLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NAMEDPIPE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYSINFO-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSENVIRONMENT-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DATETIME-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-CONSOLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DEBUG-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-RTLSUPPORT-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-1.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROFILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-MEMORY-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-UTIL-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-INTERLOCKED-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-RTLSUPPORT-L1-2-0.DLL
[ 6] NTDLL.DLL
[ 6] KERNELBASE.DLL
[ ^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-EVENTING-PROVIDER-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] ADVAPI32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-APIQUERY-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-ADVAPI32-REGISTRY-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-APPCOMPAT-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-NTUSER-STRING-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-FILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-DATETIME-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-QUIRKS-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-QUIRKS-L1-1-1.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-SIDEBYSIDE-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-MRMCORER-RESMANAGER-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-WINDOWSERRORREPORTING-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-WINDOWSERRORREPORTING-L1-1-1.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-GPAPI-GROUPPOLICY-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-NTDSAPI-ACTIVEDIRECTORYCLIENT-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-NTDSAPI-ACTIVEDIRECTORYCLIENT-L1-1-1.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-SHELL32-SHELLCOM-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-ADVAPI32-NTMARTA-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-SECURITY-CAPAUTHZ-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-FECLIENT-ENCRYPTEDFILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-SECURITY-EFSWRT-L1-1-1.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-APPMODEL-DAXCORE-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNEL32-REGISTRY-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-KERNELBASE-PROCESSTHREAD-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-ADVAPI32-NPUSERNAME-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-APPXDEPLOYMENTCLIENT-APPXDEPLOY-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-APPXDEPLOYMENTCLIENT-APPXDEPLOYONECORE-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-COM-PSMREGISTER-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-3.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-REGISTRY-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-L2-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-MEMORY-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ENCLAVE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HANDLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ E6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[FE6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DELAYLOAD-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-IO-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-JOB-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-THREADPOOL-LEGACY-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-THREADPOOL-PRIVATE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L1-2-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L2-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NAMEDPIPE-L1-2-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NAMEDPIPE-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DATETIME-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DATETIME-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYSINFO-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYSINFO-L1-2-3.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-TIMEZONE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSSNAPSHOT-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSENVIRONMENT-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-STRING-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DEBUG-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-3.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FIBERS-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROFILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-SECURITY-BASE-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-SECURITY-APPCONTAINER-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-COMM-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-REALTIME-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-WOW64-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-WOW64-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTOPOLOGY-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NAMESPACE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L2-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-XSTATE-L2-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L2-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NORMALIZATION-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FIBERS-L2-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-PRIVATE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SIDEBYSIDE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-APPCOMPAT-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-WINDOWSERRORREPORTING-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-CONSOLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-CONSOLE-L2-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PSAPI-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PSAPI-ANSI-L1-1-0.DLL
[ 6] API-MS-WIN-EVENTING-PROVIDER-L1-1-0.DLL
[F 6] ADVAPI32.DLL
[ 6] MSVCRT.DLL
[ ^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-CONSOLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DATETIME-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DEBUG-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FIBERS-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HANDLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LOCALIZATION-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-MEMORY-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-NAMEDPIPE-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSENVIRONMENT-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROFILE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-STRING-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ E6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYSINFO-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-UTIL-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ^6] KERNELBASE.DLL
[F^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ E6] API-MS-WIN-EVENTING-CONTROLLER-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] ADVAPI32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-EVENTING-CONSUMER-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ^6] KERNELBASE.DLL
[ 6] SECHOST.DLL
[ ^6] NTDLL.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-LIBRARYLOADER-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ^6] RPCRT4.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-CRT-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-THREADPOOL-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-FILE-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-IO-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DEBUG-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-ERRORHANDLING-L1-1-1.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HANDLE-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-REGISTRY-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-HEAP-OBSOLETE-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-MEMORY-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-PROCESSTHREADS-L1-1-2.DLL
[ ^6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-STRING-L1-1-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ E6] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYNCH-L1-2-0.DLL
[F^6] KERNEL32.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-SYSINFO-L1-2-1.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-WOW64-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-SECURITY-BASE-L1-2-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-APIQUERY-L1-1-0.DLL
[ ? ] API-MS-WIN-CORE-DELAYLOAD-L1-1-1.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-EVENTING-RUNDOWN-L1-1-0.DLL
[D? ] EXT-MS-WIN-SECURITY-CHAMBERS-L1-1-0.DLL
[D^6] CRYPTBASE.DLL
当Qt构建为DLL时，D：\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\lib\cmake中的文件只能找到导入库。 连同包含文件，这些文件足以让编译器和链接进程解决开放的依赖关系。 您必须通过将 Qt D：\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\bin 和 D：\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\plugins\platform 的二进制目录附加到环境中，将其附加到 PATH 变量中。
路径=D：\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\bin;D：\Qt\5.9\msvc2015_64\plugins\platforms;%PATH%
若要在 Visual Studio 中进行测试，可以在"环境"中的"配置属性调试"部分下添加此设置。 转到"解决方案资源管理器"，右键单击项目(在示例案例中为"测试")，然后选择"属性"以显示"配置属性"。请参阅使用项目属性
如果您稍后使用 CMake/CPack 为您的项目构建安装程序，Qt Windows 部署工具对于识别分发所需的 Qt DLL 会派上用场。查看Qt部署