我是Tkinter编程的新手，我正在努力使窗口/类"GraphPage_cpu"；此结构中的Toplevel((窗口。我该怎么做才能让按下按钮"；CPU使用率"；在"；起始页"；并使其打开一个包含图形页面的新窗口？
此外，我还必须对用户给予巨大的赞扬，"；j_4321"；。在弄清楚如何绘制cpu度量方面，他真的帮了我很多忙
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import Toplevel
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo, showwarning, askquestion
from tkinter import OptionMenu
from tkinter import StringVar
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import style
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from psutil import cpu_percent
from psutil import virtual_memory
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from sklearn.metrics import silhouette_score
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import sklearn.cluster as cluster
import scipy.spatial.distance as sdist
from sklearn.ensemble import IsolationForest
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sn
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
RANDOM_STATE = 42 #used to help randomly select the data points
low_memory=False
LARGE_FONT= ("Verdana", 12)
style.use("ggplot")
f = Figure(figsize=(5,5), dpi=100)
a = f.add_subplot(111)
class Analyticsapp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
#tk.Tk.iconbitmap(self, default="iconimage_kmeans.ico") #Icon for program
tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Advanched analytics")
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand = True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage, GraphPage_cpu):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text=
"Advanched analytics", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=10, padx=10)
button3 = ttk.Button(self, text="CPU Usage",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(GraphPage_cpu))
button3.pack(fill='x')
class GraphPage_cpu(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller, nb_points=360):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="CPU Usage", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=10, padx=10, side='top')
# matplotlib figure
self.figure = Figure(figsize=(5, 5), dpi=100)
self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
# format the x-axis to show the time
myFmt = mdates.DateFormatter("%H:%M:%S")
self.ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(myFmt)
# initial x and y data
dateTimeObj = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=-nb_points)
self.x_data = [dateTimeObj + timedelta(seconds=i) for i in range(nb_points)]
self.y_data = [0 for i in range(nb_points)]
# create the plot
self.plot = self.ax.plot(self.x_data, self.y_data, label='CPU')[0]
self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100)
self.ax.set_xlim(self.x_data[0], self.x_data[-1])
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure, self)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self)
toolbar.update()
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Back",
command=lambda: controller.show_frame(StartPage))
button1.pack(side='bottom')
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
self.animate_cpu()
def animate_cpu(self):
# append new data point to the x and y data
self.x_data.append(datetime.now())
self.y_data.append(cpu_percent())
# remove oldest data point
self.x_data = self.x_data[1:]
self.y_data = self.y_data[1:]
# update plot data
self.plot.set_xdata(self.x_data)
self.plot.set_ydata(self.y_data)
self.ax.set_xlim(self.x_data[0], self.x_data[-1])
self.canvas.draw_idle() # redraw plot
self.after(1000, self.animate_cpu) # repeat after 1s
app = Analyticsapp()
app.geometry('500x400')
app.mainloop()
您可以使GraphPage_cpu继承自Toplevel而不是Frame:
class GraphPage_cpu(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, parent, controller, nb_points=360):
tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
...
然后，您需要更改button1命令，因为图形不再隐藏"开始页"，单击按钮时可以使用self.withdraw隐藏图形。在这种情况下，您不再需要__init__中的controller参数。
现在，您需要修改Analyticsapp.__init__:GraphPage_cpu现在是Toplevel，而不是Frame，所以您必须将其从创建所有页面的for循环中删除。你可以单独创建它，比如：
self.graph_cpu = GraphPage_cpu(self, nb_points=360)
self.graph_cpu.withdraw() # hide the toplevel
并添加一个类方法来显示顶层：
def show_graph_cpu(self):
self.graph_cpu.deiconify()
最后，您需要在起始页中修改button3以显示图形：
button3 = ttk.Button(self, text="CPU Usage",
command=controller.show_graph_cpu)
这是完整的代码：
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import style
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from psutil import cpu_percent
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
RANDOM_STATE = 42 #used to help randomly select the data points
low_memory = False
LARGE_FONT = ("Verdana", 12)
style.use("ggplot")
class Analyticsapp(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
#tk.Tk.iconbitmap(self, default="iconimage_kmeans.ico") #Icon for program
tk.Tk.wm_title(self, "Advanched analytics")
container = tk.Frame(self)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.frames = {}
for F in (StartPage,):
frame = F(container, self)
self.frames[F] = frame
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
self.graph_cpu = GraphPage_cpu(self, nb_points=360)
self.graph_cpu.withdraw() # hide window
self.show_frame(StartPage)
def show_frame(self, cont):
frame = self.frames[cont]
frame.tkraise()
def show_graph(self):
self.graph_cpu.deiconify()
class StartPage(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, controller):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
label = tk.Label(self, text="Advanched analytics", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=10, padx=10)
button3 = ttk.Button(self, text="CPU Usage",
command=controller.show_graph)
button3.pack(fill='x')
class GraphPage_cpu(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, parent, nb_points=360):
tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.withdraw) # make the close button in the titlebar withdraw the toplevel instead of destroying it
label = tk.Label(self, text="CPU Usage", font=LARGE_FONT)
label.pack(pady=10, padx=10, side='top')
# matplotlib figure
self.figure = Figure(figsize=(5, 5), dpi=100)
self.ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
# format the x-axis to show the time
myFmt = mdates.DateFormatter("%H:%M:%S")
self.ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(myFmt)
# initial x and y data
dateTimeObj = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=-nb_points)
self.x_data = [dateTimeObj + timedelta(seconds=i) for i in range(nb_points)]
self.y_data = [0 for i in range(nb_points)]
# create the plot
self.plot = self.ax.plot(self.x_data, self.y_data, label='CPU')[0]
self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100)
self.ax.set_xlim(self.x_data[0], self.x_data[-1])
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure, self)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas, self)
toolbar.update()
button1 = ttk.Button(self, text="Hide", command=self.withdraw)
button1.pack(side='bottom')
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side='top', fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
self.animate_cpu()
def animate_cpu(self):
# append new data point to the x and y data
self.x_data.append(datetime.now())
self.y_data.append(cpu_percent())
# remove oldest data point
self.x_data = self.x_data[1:]
self.y_data = self.y_data[1:]
# update plot data
self.plot.set_xdata(self.x_data)
self.plot.set_ydata(self.y_data)
self.ax.set_xlim(self.x_data[0], self.x_data[-1])
self.canvas.draw_idle() # redraw plot
self.after(1000, self.animate_cpu) # repeat after 1s
app = Analyticsapp()
app.geometry('500x400')
app.mainloop()
此外，在GraphPage_cpu.__init__中，我添加了
self.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.withdraw)
这使得标题栏中的关闭按钮撤回顶层，而不是摧毁它。