如何在Linux中格式化XML文档

Question

我有大量的XML标签。

<SERVICE>
<NAME>
sh_SEET15002GetReKeyDetails
</NAME>
<ID>642</ID>
</SERVICE>

我想以以下方式对此进行格式化。我尝试使用XMLLINT，但对我不起作用。请提供帮助。

<SERVICE>
<NAME>sh_SEET15002GetReKeyDetails</NAME>
<ID>642</ID>
</SERVICE>

Answer 1

xmllint -format -recover nonformatted.xml > formated.xml

用于标签凹痕：

export XMLLINT_INDENT=`echo -e 't'`

对于四个空间凹痕：

export XMLLINT_INDENT=    

Answer 2

无需编程即可使用Eclipse XML Source Editor。看看这个答案

顺便说一下，您是否尝试过xmllint -format -recover nonformatted.xml > formated.xml？

编辑：

您可以尝试此XMLSTARLET命令行XML工具包。

5. Formatting XML documents
====================================================
xml fo --help
XMLStarlet Toolkit: Format XML document
Usage: xml fo [<options>] <xml-file>
where <options> are
   -n or --noindent            - do not indent
   -t or --indent-tab          - indent output with tabulation
   -s or --indent-spaces <num> - indent output with <num> spaces
   -o or --omit-decl           - omit xml declaration <?xml version="1.0"?>
   -R or --recover             - try to recover what is parsable
   -D or --dropdtd             - remove the DOCTYPE of the input docs
   -C or --nocdata             - replace cdata section with text nodes
   -N or --nsclean             - remove redundant namespace declarations
   -e or --encode <encoding>   - output in the given encoding (utf-8, unicode...)
   -H or --html                - input is HTML
   -h or --help                - print help

Answer 3

我从gedit做到了。在GEDIT中，您可以将任何脚本，特别是Python脚本添加为外部工具。该脚本读取来自stdin的数据，并将输出写入Stdout，因此可以用作独立程序。它布局XML并分类子节点。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
"""
This is a gedit plug-in to sort and layout XML.
In gedit, to add this tool, open: menu -- Tools -- Manage External Tools...
Create a new tool: click [+] under the list of tools, type in "Sort XML" as tool name,
paste the whole text from this file in the "Edit:" box, then 
configure the tool:
Input: Current selection
Output: Replace current selection
In gedit, to run this tool,
FIRST SELECT THE XML,
then open: menu -- Tools -- External Tools > -- Sort XML
"""

from lxml import etree
import sys
import io
def headerFirst(node):
    """Return the sorting key prefix, so that 'header' will go before any other node
    """
    nodetag=('%s' % node.tag).lower()
    if nodetag.endswith('}header') or nodetag == 'header':
        return '0'
    else:
        return '1'
def get_node_key(node, attr=None):
    """Return the sorting key of an xml node
    using tag and attributes
    """
    if attr is None:
        return '%s' % node.tag + ':'.join([node.get(attr)
                                        for attr in sorted(node.attrib)])
    if attr in node.attrib:
        return '%s:%s' % (node.tag, node.get(attr))
    return '%s' % node.tag

def sort_children(node, attr=None):
    """ Sort children along tag and given attribute.
    if attr is None, sort along all attributes"""
    if not isinstance(node.tag, str):  # PYTHON 2: use basestring instead
        # not a TAG, it is comment or DATA
        # no need to sort
        return
    # sort child along attr
    node[:] = sorted(node, key=lambda child: (headerFirst(child) + get_node_key(child, attr)))
    # and recurse
    for child in node:
        sort_children(child, attr)

def sort(unsorted_stream, sorted_stream, attr=None):
    """Sort unsorted xml file and save to sorted_file"""
    parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
    tree = etree.parse(unsorted_stream,parser=parser)
    root = tree.getroot()
    sort_children(root, attr)
    sorted_unicode = etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8")
    sorted_stream.write('%s' % sorted_unicode)

#we could do this, 
#sort(sys.stdin, sys.stdout)
#but we want to check selection:
inputstr = ''
for line in sys.stdin:
  inputstr += line
if not inputstr:
   sys.stderr.write('no XML selected!')
   exit(100)
sort(io.BytesIO(inputstr), sys.stdout)

有两个棘手的事情：

    parser = etree.XMLParser(remove_blank_text=True)
    tree = etree.parse(unsorted_stream,parser=parser)

默认情况下，没有忽略空间，这可能会产生奇怪的结果。

    sorted_unicode = etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8")

再次，默认情况下也没有打印。

我配置了此工具以在当前选择上工作并替换当前选择，因为通常在同一文件中有http标头ymmv。

$ python --version
Python 2.7.6
$ lsb_release -a
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

如果您不需要子节点排序，只需评论相应的线。

链接：在这里，这里

更新V2将标题放在其他任何事物前；固定空间

更新在Ubuntu上获得lxml 18.04.3 LTS Bionic：

sudo apt install python-pip
pip install --upgrade lxml
$ python --version
Python 2.7.15+

Answer 4

在" bluefish"中转到"编辑/首选项/外部过滤器"添加新的称为" tidy xml"，然后put命令" | tidy -xml -i |"然后打开"蓝鱼"中的任何XML，然后从菜单中选择"工具/过滤器/整洁XML"它将格式打开XML文件

先决条件：安装蓝鱼和整洁