如何在 python 单元测试中模拟连接错误和请求超时

Question

假设我的 django/flask 应用程序从 API 中提取信息，我如何测试连接异常是否被捕获和正确处理？

例如，这里有一个调用 API 的函数：

import requests
def call_the_api():
    url = 'http://httpbin.org/get'
    try:
        req = requests.get(url)
        if req.json().get('errors'):
            logger.warn("API error response")
            return {'request_error': 'api_error_response'}
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        logger.warn('ConnectionError')
        return {'request_error': 'ConnectionTimeout'}
    except requests.exception.Timeout:
        logger.warn('API request timed out')
        return {'request_error': 'Timeout'}
    except Exception, ex:
        logger.warn("API request Exception: %s", ex)
        return {'request_error': ex}
    else:
        return req.json()

对于来自 API 的测试响应，我发现模拟非常有用。

def mock_get_request():
    response = requests.get.return_value
    json_file = 'sample_response.json'
    json_file_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), json_file)
    with open(json_file_path, 'r') as f:
        response.content = response.text = f.read()
    response.status_code = 200
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'
    response.json = lambda: json.loads(response.content.decode(response.encoding))
    response.url = u'%s' % args[0]
    return response
class TestSuitabilityFunctions(TestCase):
    def test_call_the_api(self):
        requests.get = MagicMock(side_effect=mock_get_request)
        resp = call_the_api()
        self.assertEqual(resp.get('url'), "http://httpbin.org/get")

所以我的问题是我将如何模拟连接超时或错误？

Answer 1

未经测试的代码，但...

def connection_error():
    raise requests.exceptions.ConnectionError
class TestSuitabilityFunctions(TestCase):
    @patch.object(module_that_youre_testing, "requests")
    def test_connection_error(self, mock_requests):
        mock_requests.get = MagicMock(side_effect=connection_error)
        with self.assertRaises(requests.exceptions.ConnectionError) as cm:
            resp = call_the_api()
        exception = cm.exception
        self.assertEqual(resp, {'request_error': 'ConnectionTimeout'})

。或类似的应该可以解决问题。在我的头顶上，我不记得assertRais如何与捕获的错误进行交互。也许你甚至不需要断言提升部分。