大家好，我是初学者。我的测试类或配置出了什么问题？我正在使用 JPA。应用程序工作正常，但我不明白为什么在我的测试中无法加载应用程序上下文。我的绒球：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>TestAppGrId</groupId>
<artifactId>TestApp</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<!-- Generic properties -->
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<!-- Web -->
<jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
<!-- Spring -->
<spring-framework.version>4.3.3.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<!-- Logging -->
<logback.version>1.1.7</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.21</slf4j.version>
<!-- jackson json JSON Processing API -->
<jackson.databind-version>2.2.3</jackson.databind-version>
<!--Hibernate / JPA-->
<hibernate-version>5.2.3.Final</hibernate-version>
<!-- Spring Data -->
<spring-framework.data.version>1.9.1.RELEASE</spring-framework.data.version>
<!-- JUnit test -->
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<!-- Quartz scheduling framework -->
<quartz.scheduling.version>2.2.1</quartz.scheduling.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<!--all spring dependencies -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
<version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
<scope>import</scope>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!--bootstrap webjars.org-->
<!--http://startbootstrap.com/template-overviews/modern-business/ this is theme-->
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Other Servlet Web dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Servlet API-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--driver for connection to Posgres database -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/postgresql/postgresql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>9.1-901-1.jdbc4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring JDBC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JUnit tests-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Test Artifacts with Spring-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging with SLF4J & LogBack -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Contains org.springframework.mail.javamail-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring MVC Mail Related Dependency -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring REST jackson JSON Processing API -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.databind-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate ORM-->
<!-- for JPA, use hibernate-entitymanager instead of hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Hibernate validator (contains @NotEmpty)-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Data JPA -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.10.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--AOP. Need for Spring Data JPA-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Quartz scheduling framework -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>${quartz.scheduling.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Joda-Time - API uses in Spring Data-->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--Joda-Time integration with Hibernate. Save types of date and time -->
<!--dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time-hibernate</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency-->
<!-- DATE TIME FOR HIBERNATE 4.0+, for Hibernate <4.0 use joda-time-hibernate version 1.3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jadira.usertype</groupId>
<artifactId>usertype.jodatime</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Support methods from google. For example 'Lists.newArrayList()'-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>18.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--Generate metamodel classes ClassName_ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpamodelgen</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<!--need to find configs in tests in package web-inf like
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:/config/application-context.xml"
-->
<testResources>
<testResource>
<directory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/config</directory>
</testResource>
</testResources>
</build>
</project>
我的应用程序上下文.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd">
<!--find property file. See bean id='dataSource' for example ${jdbc.hsqldb.driverClass}-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:util.properties" />
<!-- Datasource-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.postgresqldb.driverClass}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.postgresqldb.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.postgresqldb.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.postgresqldb.password}" />
</bean>
<!-- initialize Embedded DataSource.-->
<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:dbschema.sql"/>
<jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql"/>
</jdbc:initialize-database>
<!-- Java Mail Configuration -->
<bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="username" value="${java.mail.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${java.mail.password}"/>
<property name="port" value="465"/>
<property name="javaMailProperties">
<props>
<prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.enable">true</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.required">true</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.socketFactory.class">javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory</prop>
<prop key="mail.smtp.host">${java.mail.host}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Velocity Email Template Config Bean -->
<bean id="velocityEngine" class="org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineFactoryBean">
<property name="resourceLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/email-templates/"/>
</bean>
<!-- REST template configuration -->
<bean id="restTemplate" class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate"/>
<!--Do not forget activate @Transactional JPA annotation with <annotation-driven/>-->
<!-- JPA Persistence Context and EntityManager configuration -->
<!-- EntityManagerFactory -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<!--all entities in this package-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="testapp.mvc.entities"/>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--hibernate-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" >
<property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!--hibernate-->
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL94Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">false</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--transaction in Spring -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--Activates various annotations to be detected in bean classes: Spring's @Required and @Autowired and so on-->
<!--context:annotation-config/-->
<!-- Need for Repository abstraction -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="testapp.mvc.repository" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"
transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>
<!-- Enable auditing in Spring Data -->
<jpa:auditing auditor-aware-ref="auditorAwareBean"/>
<!-- return user information -->
<bean id="auditorAwareBean" class="testapp.mvc.auditor.AuditorAwareBean" />
<!-- Quartz scheduling configuration -->
<task:annotation-driven/>
<!-- Quartz simple trigger -->
<bean id="simpleTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="simpleQuartzJob" />
<property name="repeatInterval" value="3000" />
<property name="startDelay" value="1000" />
</bean>
<!-- Quartz cron trigger -->
<bean id="cronTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="quartzCronJob"/>
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/7 * * * * ?" />
<!-- every 30 seconds (seconds, minutes, hours, day of month, month, day of week, year(optional)) -->
</bean>
<!-- Quartz job -->
<bean id="simpleQuartzJob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="simpleQuartzTask" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="simpleTaskMethod" />
</bean>
<!-- Quartz cron job -->
<bean id="quartzCronJob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="cronQuartzTask" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="cronTaskMethod" />
</bean>
<!-- Quartz simple task -->
<bean id="simpleQuartzTask" class="testapp.mvc.quartz.QuartzTask" />
<!-- Quartz cron task -->
<bean id="cronQuartzTask" class="testapp.mvc.quartz.CronQuartzTask" />
<!-- Quartz Scheduler -->
<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetails">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleQuartzJob" />
<ref bean="quartzCronJob" />
</list>
</property>
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleTrigger" />
<ref bean="cronTrigger" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--ScheduleTask example. Use and @Component on ru.javastudy.mvcHtml5Angular.mvc.scheduling.ScheduleTask-->
<!--<context:component-scan base-package="ru.javastudy.mvcHtml5Angular.mvc.scheduling"/>-->
<!--or
<bean id="scheduleTask" class="ru.javastudy.mvcHtml5Angular.mvc.scheduling.ScheduleTask"/>
-->
<!--End scheduling configuration -->
</beans>
我的服务类别：
@Service("jpaCustomerService")
@Repository
@Transactional
public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Override
public List<CustomersEntity> queryFindAllCustomersJPA() {
System.out.println("ORMService queryfindAllUsersJPA is called");
String query = "from CustomersEntity order by id";
TypedQuery<CustomersEntity> typedQuery = entityManager.createQuery(query, CustomersEntity.class);
return typedQuery.getResultList();
}
}
我的测试类：
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:mvc-config.xml", "classpath:application-context.xml"})
public class CustomerServiceImplTest {
@Qualifier("jpaCustomerService")
@Autowired
private CustomerServiceImpl customerService;
//CustomerService queryFindAllCustomers TEST EXAMPLE
@Test
public void queryFindAllCustomersTest(){
List<CustomersEntity> customers = customerService.queryFindAllCustomersJPA();
Assert.assertNotNull(customers);
for (CustomersEntity customersEntity : customers){
System.out.printf("Customer id: "+ customersEntity.getId() + " Customer name: "+ customersEntity.getName());
}
}
}
我的问题是无法加载应用程序上下文：
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test set: testapp.mvc.orm.CustomerServiceImplTest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.734 sec <<< FAILURE!
queryFindAllCustomersTest(testapp.mvc.orm.CustomerServiceImplTest) Time elapsed: 0.001 sec <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:53)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:123)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:104)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:164)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:110)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.invokeProvider(SurefireStarter.java:175)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireStarter.runSuitesInProcessWhenForked(SurefireStarter.java:107)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:68)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: WebApplicationObjectSupport instance [ResourceHttpRequestHandler [locations=[class path resource [resources/]], resolvers=[org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.PathResourceResolver@1693ff90]]] does not run in a WebApplicationContext but in: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@577bf0aa: startup date [Wed Nov 09 18:08:38 CET 2016]; root of context hierarchy
at org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationObjectSupport.getWebApplicationContext(WebApplicationObjectSupport.java:112)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationObjectSupport.getServletContext(WebApplicationObjectSupport.java:128)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler.initPathExtensionStrategy(ResourceHttpRequestHandler.java:310)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler.afterSingletonsInstantiated(ResourceHttpRequestHandler.java:298)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:771)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:861)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:541)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:108)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
... 31 more
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration
public class **{}
@WebAppConfiguration是一个类级注释，用于声明为集成测试加载的 ApplicationContext 应该是 WebApplicationContext。 测试类上存在@WebAppConfiguration表示应使用 Web 应用程序根目录路径的默认值为测试加载 WebApplicationContext。要覆盖默认值，请通过 value(( 属性指定显式资源路径。
请注意，@WebAppConfiguration必须与@ContextConfiguration结合使用，无论是在单个测试类中还是在测试类层次结构中。