UnicodeDecodeError while using json.dumps()

Question

我的python列表中有如下字符串（取自命令提示符）：

>>> o['records'][5790]
(5790, 'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ', 60,
 True, '40141613')
>>>

我已经尝试了此处提到的建议：更改 Python 的默认编码？

进一步将默认编码也更改为 utf-16。但仍然json.dumps()抛出和异常如下：

>>> write(o)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "okapi_create_master.py", line 49, in write
    o = json.dumps(output)
  File "C:Python27libjson__init__.py", line 231, in dumps
    return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
  File "C:Python27libjsonencoder.py", line 201, in encode
    chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
  File "C:Python27libjsonencoder.py", line 264, in iterencode
    return _iterencode(o, 0)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 25: invalid
continuation byte

无法弄清楚此类字符串需要哪种转换才能json.dumps()工作。

Answer 1

xe1不能

使用 utf-8、utf-16 编码进行解码。

>>> 'xe1'.decode('utf-8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:Python27libencodingsutf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 0: unexpected end of data
>>> 'xe1'.decode('utf-16')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:Python27libencodingsutf_16.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_16_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf16' codec can't decode byte 0xe1 in position 0: truncated data

尝试拉丁语 1 编码：

>>> record = (5790, 'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ',
...           60, True, '40141613')
>>> json.dumps(record, encoding='latin1')
'[5790, "Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-\u00e1M1-2-\u00e19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60, true, "40141613"]'

或者，指定 ensure_ascii=False 、json.dumps以使json.dumps不尝试解码字符串。

>>> json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False)
'[5790, "Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60, true, "40141613"]'

Answer 2

我遇到了类似的问题，并提出了以下方法来保证来自任一输入的 unicode 或字节字符串。简而言之，包含并使用以下 lambda：

# guarantee unicode string
_u = lambda t: t.decode('UTF-8', 'replace') if isinstance(t, str) else t
_uu = lambda *tt: tuple(_u(t) for t in tt) 
# guarantee byte string in UTF8 encoding
_u8 = lambda t: t.encode('UTF-8', 'replace') if isinstance(t, unicode) else t
_uu8 = lambda *tt: tuple(_u8(t) for t in tt)

适用于您的问题：

import json
o = (5790, u"Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60,
 True, '40141613')
as_json = json.dumps(_uu8(*o))
as_obj = json.loads(as_json)
print "objectn ", o
print "json (type %s)n %s " % (type(as_json), as_json)
print "object againn ", as_obj

=>

object
  (5790, u'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ', 60, True, '40141613')
json (type <type 'str'>)
  [5790, "Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-u00e1M1-2-u00e19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ", 60, true, "40141613"]
object again
  [5790, u'Vlv-Gate-Assy-Mdl-xe1M1-2-xe19/16-10K-BB Credit Memo            ', 60, True, u'40141613']

这里有一些关于这一点的更多推理。