在 Mac 上找不到 JUnit

所以我试图从这个教程建立一个项目。我运行ant，得到错误。我看到的第一件事是…错误:包junit.framework不存在导入junit.framework.TestCase;教程对可能出现的错误没有明确说明。它只是说我可能没有安装JUnit。我运行的是最新版本的Java，我猜是JUnit附带的。因此，问题就变成了找到它(或者至少确认它存在)并将其添加到构建文件中。我怎么做呢?

build . xml

<project name="cobertura.examples.basic" default="coverage" basedir=".">
    <description>
    Cobertura - http://cobertura.sourceforge.net/
    Copyright (C) 2003 jcoverage ltd.
    Copyright (C) 2005 Mark Doliner &lt;thekingant@users.sourceforge.net&gt;
    Copyright (C) 2006 Dan Godfrey
    Cobertura is licensed under the GNU General Public License
    Cobertura comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
    </description>
    <property file="build.properties" />
    <path id="cobertura.classpath">
        <fileset dir="${cobertura.dir}">
            <include name="cobertura.jar" />
            <include name="lib/**/*.jar" />
        </fileset>
    </path>
    <taskdef classpathref="cobertura.classpath" resource="tasks.properties"/>
    <target name="init">
        <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${instrumented.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${reports.xml.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${reports.html.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${coverage.xml.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${coverage.summaryxml.dir}" />
        <mkdir dir="${coverage.html.dir}" />
    </target>
    <target name="compile" depends="init">
        <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" debug="yes">
            <classpath refid="cobertura.classpath" />
        </javac>
    </target>
    <target name="instrument" depends="init,compile">
        <!--
            Remove the coverage data file and any old instrumentation.
        -->
        <delete file="cobertura.ser"/>
        <delete dir="${instrumented.dir}" />
        <!--
            Instrument the application classes, writing the
            instrumented classes into ${build.instrumented.dir}.
        -->
        <cobertura-instrument todir="${instrumented.dir}">
            <!--
                The following line causes instrument to ignore any
                source line containing a reference to log4j, for the
                purposes of coverage reporting.
            -->
            <ignore regex="org.apache.log4j.*" />
            <fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
                <!--
                    Instrument all the application classes, but
                    don't instrument the test classes.
                -->
                <include name="**/*.class" />
                <exclude name="**/*Test.class" />
            </fileset>
        </cobertura-instrument>
    </target>
    <target name="test" depends="init,compile">
        <junit fork="yes" dir="${basedir}" failureProperty="test.failed">
            <!--
                Note the classpath order: instrumented classes are before the
                original (uninstrumented) classes.  This is important.
            -->
            <classpath location="${instrumented.dir}" />
            <classpath location="${classes.dir}" />
            <!--
                The instrumented classes reference classes used by the
                Cobertura runtime, so Cobertura and its dependencies
                must be on your classpath.
            -->
            <classpath refid="cobertura.classpath" />
            <formatter type="xml" />
            <test name="${testcase}" todir="${reports.xml.dir}" if="testcase" />
            <batchtest todir="${reports.xml.dir}" unless="testcase">
                <fileset dir="${src.dir}">
                    <include name="**/*Test.java" />
                </fileset>
            </batchtest>
        </junit>
        <junitreport todir="${reports.xml.dir}">
            <fileset dir="${reports.xml.dir}">
                <include name="TEST-*.xml" />
            </fileset>
            <report format="frames" todir="${reports.html.dir}" />
        </junitreport>
    </target>
    <target name="coverage-check">
        <cobertura-check branchrate="34" totallinerate="100" />
    </target>
    <target name="coverage-report">
        <!--
            Generate an XML file containing the coverage data using
            the "srcdir" attribute.
        -->
        <cobertura-report srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${coverage.xml.dir}" format="xml" />
    </target>
    <target name="summary-coverage-report">
        <!--
            Generate an summary XML file containing the coverage data using
            the "srcdir" attribute.
        -->
        <cobertura-report srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${coverage.summaryxml.dir}" format="summaryXml" />
    </target>
    <target name="alternate-coverage-report">
        <!--
            Generate a series of HTML files containing the coverage
            data in a user-readable form using nested source filesets.
        -->
        <cobertura-report destdir="${coverage.html.dir}">
            <fileset dir="${src.dir}">
                <include name="**/*.java"/>
            </fileset>
        </cobertura-report>
    </target>
    <target name="clean" description="Remove all files created by the build/test process.">
        <delete dir="${classes.dir}" />
        <delete dir="${instrumented.dir}" />
        <delete dir="${reports.dir}" />
        <delete file="cobertura.log" />
        <delete file="cobertura.ser" />
    </target>
    <target name="coverage" depends="compile,instrument,test,coverage-report,summary-coverage-report,alternate-coverage-report" description="Compile, instrument ourself, run the tests and generate JUnit and coverage reports."/>
</project>

当你为Mac抓取最新的JDK时，你确实没有获得JUnit。

虽然从http://junit.org下载并安装最新的junit.jar，并配置ant来查找它会对您有所帮助，但您最好从junit页面在线学习junit，而不是从非常短的cobertura在线教程中学习。这些文档有一个下载和安装指南，这是非常好的(假设你知道类路径是什么)，以及一个超级小的攻略，让你开始。

你不会知道类JUnit .framework. testcase是JUnit版本3的一部分，它现在已经非常老了。除非您有遗留代码要处理，否则您可能希望从学习JUnit 4开始，它已经存在多年了。

还有其他使用JUnit的方法。您的IDE可能已经有了JUnit插件。另一种选择是使用Maven。通过在maven项目文件中指定junit, maven将自动为您获取并安装junit。Maven非常复杂，但是一旦您习惯了它，您可能会在所有Java应用程序中使用它。

附录

这是一个使用Maven和JUnit在Mac上工作的完整示例。您需要自己安装的只是JDK和Maven。完成后，为新项目创建一个目录，并只创建三个文件:

PROJECT_ROOT/pom.xml
PROJECT_ROOT/src/main/java/com/example/Pair.java
PROJECT_ROOT/src/测试/java/com/example/PairTest.java

这里是pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>pairs</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.10</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

这里是Pair.java

package com.example;
class Pair {
    int x, y;
    public Pair(int x, int y) {this.x = x; this.y = y;}
    public int getX() {return x;}
    public int getY() {return y;}
    @Override public String toString() {return String.format("(%d,%d)", x, y);}
}

这里是PairTest.java

package com.example;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import org.junit.Test;
public class PairTest {
    @Test
    public void gettersWork() {
        Pair p = new Pair(4, 6);
        assertThat(p.getX(), is(4));
        assertThat(p.getY(), is(6));
        assertThat(p.toString(), is("(4,6)"));
    }
}

现在在项目根目录中输入

mvn test

和一切都应该工作。请注意，第一次运行maven时，可能需要大约4分钟的时间来下载无数兆字节的内容。别担心，这很正常。它会为你取水的。

您应该看到的最后几行类似于:

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.example.PairTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.308 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

希望对你有帮助。

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