python manage.py test: django.db.utils.OperationalError: no

Question

我在测试方面相当新手，在尝试使用python manage.py test为我的 django 项目运行测试时，我最终得到了django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user.

我在帐户应用中具有用户模型，并且帐户应用已添加到我的 settings.py 已安装的应用程序中

我已经为所有项目应用程序运行了 makemgirations 和迁移，我还进入了项目 shell 并尝试从帐户应用程序中的用户模型创建用户，所有这些都运行良好，但是当我运行测试时出现错误。

下面是我尝试运行的测试，它会产生错误

from django.test import TestCase
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
class UserTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
USER = get_user_model()
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
)
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
)
def test_user_full_name(self):
""" A user's fullname correctly identified """
jane = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
john = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
self.assertEqual(jane.get_full_name(), "Jane Doe")
self.assertEqual(john.get_full_name(), "John Doe")

下面是我在 Project shell 中运行的代码，可以正常工作

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
USER = get_user_model()
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
)
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
)
USER.objects.all()
# returns both object that has been added

下面是我的数据库设置

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
'TEST': {
'test_NAME': 'test_db',
}
}
}

请问如何解决这个问题

以下是完整的堆栈跟踪

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 82, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 381, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommandstest.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
super().run_from_argv(argv)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 364, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommandstest.py", line 53, in handle
failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangotestrunner.py", line
629, in run_tests
old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangotestrunner.py", line
554, in setup_databases
self.parallel, **kwargs
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangotestutils.py", line 174, in setup_databases
serialize=connection.settings_dict.get('TEST', {}).get('SERIALIZE', True),
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsbasecreation.py", line 72, in create_test_db
run_syncdb=True,
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py", line 148, in call_command
return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 364, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 83, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommandsmigrate.py", line 203, in handle
self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommandsmigrate.py", line 341, in sync_apps
self.stdout.write("    Running deferred SQL...n")
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3schema.py", line 34, in __exit__
self.connection.check_constraints()
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 341, in check_constraints
column_name, referenced_column_name,
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 67, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbutils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 82, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "C:Usersi-am-prinx.virtualenvsProjectName-2t3W9LfYlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 381, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user

工具和版本django v 2.2 蟒蛇 v 3.6

Answer 1

此问题的主要原因是因为项目中的应用程序具有一个模型，该模型具有User模型的外键字段，并且该应用程序没有migrations文件夹，并且应用程序中的模型(包括那些具有对User模型的外键引用的模型)未迁移(请注意，此应用程序已在已安装的应用程序中)。 我按照以下步骤解决了这个问题

**我注意到的步骤和解释**

• 我删除了项目根目录上的db.sqlite3文件

  我

  • 删除了所有应用程序上的迁移目录(尽管我运行了python manage.py makemigrations，但并非所有应用程序都有迁移文件夹，原因我真的不知道)。唯一具有迁移文件夹的应用是accounts应用。

  • 然后我为所有应用程序显式运行makemigrations(即使没有显式运行 migrate 命令，测试也可以工作，到目前为止makemigrations已经运行)，然后我运行了python manage.py migrate命令

**对于上面的代码 **

class UserTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
USER = get_user_model()  # <---  doing this here generates error when using USER.get() in the test_... methods
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
)
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
)
def test_user_full_name(self):
""" A user's fullname correctly identified """
jane = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
john = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
self.assertEqual(jane.get_full_name(), "Jane Doe")
self.assertEqual(john.get_full_name(), "John Doe")

上面的代码将失败，正确的代码应该是

USER = get_user_model() 
class UserTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
)
USER.objects.create(
email="[e-mail]", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
)
def test_user_full_name(self):
""" A user's fullname correctly identified """
jane = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
john = USER.objects.get(email="[e-mail]")
self.assertEqual(jane.get_full_name(), "Jane Doe")
self.assertEqual(john.get_full_name(), "John Doe")

我希望这能够帮助某人

Answer 2

这对我有用;

删除所有迁移文件，然后运行

python .manage.py migrate --run-syncdb

它应该有效。

Answer 3

尝试这样设置数据库设置(这取决于你使用的是哪个 django 版本)：

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}