为什么在Python3/tkinter中添加自定义菜单断路键盘事件绑定

Question

在以下代码中，当我按按钮添加一些辅助窗口时，然后尝试使用" command-w"关闭窗口时，它并不总是关闭活动窗口。但是，如果我通过评论该行self.gerar_menu()来禁用菜单创建，则按预期打开和关闭Windows(我的意思是，通过单击红色'X'按钮或按OS X中的Command-W(。对这里有什么问题有任何想法吗？

这是我当前的测试代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python3.6
# encoding: utf-8
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font
from tkinter import ttk

class baseApp(ttk.Frame):
    """
    Parent classe for main app window (will include some aditional methods and properties).
    """
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
        self.master = master
        self.mainframe = ttk.Frame(master)
        self.mainframe.pack()

class App(baseApp):
    """ Base class for the main application window """
    def __init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(master, *args, **kwargs)
        self.master = master
        #self.gerar_menu()  # This line breaks "Command-w" functionality
        self.lbl_text = ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="This is the Main Window")
        self.lbl_text.pack()
        self.btn = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Open Second window",
                              command=lambda: self.create_detail_window(self, number=0))
        self.btn.pack()
        self.newDetailsWindow = {}
        self.windows_count=0

    def gerar_menu(self):
        """ generate the application menu """
        self.menu = tk.Menu(root)
        root.config(menu=self.menu)
        self.fileMenu = tk.Menu(self.menu)
        self.menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=self.fileMenu)
        self.fileMenu.add_command(label="New Document", command=None, accelerator="Command+n")

    def create_detail_window(self, *event, number=None):
        self.windows_count += 1
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count]=tk.Toplevel()
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].geometry('900x600+80+130')
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].title(f'Detail: {self.windows_count}')
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].destroy)
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].bind("Command-w", lambda event: self.newDetailsWindow[-1].destroy())
        self.detail_window = detailWindow(self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count], self.windows_count)
        self.newDetailsWindow[self.windows_count].focus()
        print(self.newDetailsWindow)

class detailWindow(ttk.Frame):
    """ Base class for secondary windows """
    def __init__(self, master, rep_num, *args,**kwargs):
        super().__init__(master,*args,**kwargs)
        self.num_rep = rep_num
        self.master.minsize(900, 600)
        self.master.maxsize(900, 600)
        print(f"Showing details about nr. {self.num_rep}")
        self.mainframe = ttk.Frame(master)
        self.mainframe.pack()
        self.lbl_text = ttk.Label(self.mainframe,
                                  text=f"Showing details about nr. {self.num_rep}")
        self.lbl_text.pack()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    janela_principal = App(root)
    root.title('Main Window')
    root.bind_all("<Mod2-q>", exit)
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

如果要创建以关闭窗口的绑定，则需要该功能在接收到事件的实际窗口上。无论收到哪个窗口，您的代码总是删除打开的最后一个窗口。

第一步是绑定到功能而不是使用lambda。尽管lambda有其用途，但绑定到命名函数更容易调试和维护。

调用函数后，事件对象可以告诉您哪个窗口通过widget对象的CC_4属性获得了事件。给定此窗口，您可以通过winfo_toplevel命令获取此窗口所在(或本身，如果是Toplevel窗口(的高级窗口。

例如：

window = tk.Toplevel(...)
...
window.bind("<Command-w>", self.destroy_window)
...
def destroy_window(self, event):
    window = event.widget.winfo_toplevel()
    window.destroy()