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MacOS High Sierra 10.13.6，python3.7 安装安装证书.命令导致 SSLError



从 python.org 安装 python 3.7 后，运行 Install Certificate.command 会导致以下错误。请问你能提供一些指导吗？为什么安装证书命令会导致错误？

[一些背景] 尝试通过 anaconda、brew 和 python.org 安装 python，甚至安装了 3.6.6 版，希望我能让其中一个工作。每次安装都会导致 ssl 认证错误，当我尝试安装软件包时。有关当前python 3.7安装的示例错误，请参见下文。

我阅读了每一页，其中提到了openssl错误，并遵循了每条指令。最后一个可能对我的机器 tbh 造成了更大的损坏。我从 anaconda、brew 和 python.org 中安装、卸载和重新安装，在此过程中删除和清理了一堆文件夹，试图进行全新安装。一路上，我什至设法从苹果预装 python 版本的站点目录文件夹中删除了 pip、wheel 和设置工具。总而言之，经过一周的python安装地狱，我完全被困住了。

Collecting certifi
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/certifi/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/certifi/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/certifi/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement certifi (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for certifi
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 25, in main
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 328, in check_call
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7', '-E', '-s', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'certifi']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
logout
Saving session...
...copying shared history...
...saving history...truncating history files...
...completed.
[Process completed]

pip3 install numpy导致以下错误

Collecting numpy
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/numpy/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/numpy/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/numpy/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement numpy (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for numpy

编辑帖子@newbie评论

根据该帖子中投票最多的答案，我尝试了以下内容：

$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 1604k  100 1604k    0     0   188k      0  0:00:08  0:00:08 --:--:--  148k
$ python3 get-pip.py
Collecting pip
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /simple/pip/
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pip (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for pip
$ pip3 search numpy
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)'))': /pypi
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 600, in urlopen
chunked=chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 343, in _make_request
self._validate_conn(conn)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 849, in _validate_conn
conn.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py", line 356, in connect
ssl_context=context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 359, in ssl_wrap_socket
return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 412, in wrap_socket
session=session
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 850, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 1108, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 445, in send
timeout=timeout
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopen
**response_kw)
[Previous line repeated 1 more times]
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 638, in urlopen
_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 398, in increment
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/basecommand.py", line 141, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 48, in run
pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 65, in search
hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 788, in request
headers=headers, stream=True)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 559, in post
return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 396, in request
return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 512, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 622, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 53, in send
resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 511, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
pip._vendor.requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1045)')))

===========EDIT2：搜索所有存在openssl.cnf文件副本的位置。这看起来对吗？

$ mdfind openssl.cnf
/usr/local/etc/openssl/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/openssl.cnf.dist
/private/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
/System/Library/OpenSSL/openssl.cnf
/opt/vagrant/embedded/ssl/misc/CA.pl

想回答我自己的问题，因为我似乎已经解决了大部分问题。解决方案：

  1. 在$HOME/库/应用程序支持中创建了一个 pip 目录，然后创建了一个 pip.conf 文件

  2. 到 pip.conf 添加的代码

    [全球] 受信任的主机 = pypi.python.org pypi.org files.pythonhosted.org

  3. 已开始使用

    $ 点安装 --可信主机pypi.org --可信主机 files.pythonhosted.org 点

  4. 然后尝试了有效的pip安装，所以用它来安装numpy，熊猫，geopy等。

  5. 已成功运行 Applications/Python 3.7 中的 Install CertificateCommand 文件

结果：

  1. 通过 pip 安装工作正常。
  2. Spyder3正在工作
  3. Python 3.7 正在工作
  4. Numpy，Pandas，Matplotlib，Geopy正在工作
  5. Jupyter 笔记本正在工作

杰出：仍然获得GeocoderServiceError和Brew医生说vim缺少python。将针对这些提出单独的问题。

您不需要运行 Install Certificate.command。 您应该重新安装包含 Python 的 Xcode 命令行工具。

pip3 uninstall -y -r <(pip requests certifi)
brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python3
sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
xcode-select --install
sudo xcode-select -r
python3 -m pip install --user certifi
python3 -m pip install --user requests

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