为 Python 3.7 虚拟环境安装 mod_wsgi

Question

尝试为 Python 3.7 安装 mod_wsgi 以完成 Django 的设置。但它失败并显示以下错误消息

Collecting mod-wsgi
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9e/37/dd336068ece37c43957aa337f25c59a9a6afa98086e5507908a2d21ab807/mod_wsgi-4.6.4.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: mod-wsgi
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mod-wsgi ... error
Complete output from command /home/user/myproject_env/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-9hnl4thc/mod-wsgi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-a9t55ene --python-tag cp37:
WARNING: The Python installation you are using does not appear to have
been installed with a shared library, or in the case of MacOS X, as a
framework. Where these are not present, the compilation of mod_wsgi may
fail, or if it does succeed, will result in extra memory being used by
all processes at run time as a result of the static library needing to
be loaded in its entirety to every process. It is highly recommended
that you reinstall the Python installation being used from source code,
supplying the '--enable-shared' option to the 'configure' script when
configuring the source code prior to building and installing it.
...
running build_ext
building 'mod_wsgi.server.mod_wsgi-py37' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server
...
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/usr/include/httpd -I/home/user/python/include/python3.7m -c src/server/wsgi_stream.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_stream.o -I/usr/include/httpd -I. -I/usr/include/apr-1 -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -pthread -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/include/apr-1
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_thread.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/mod_wsgi.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_buckets.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_memory.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_interp.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_restrict.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_logger.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_server.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_convert.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_metrics.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_validate.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_daemon.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_apache.o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/server/wsgi_stream.o -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/mod_wsgi/server/mod_wsgi-py37.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so -L/home/user/python/lib -L/home/user/python/lib/python3.7/config-3.7m-linux -lpython3.7m
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/python/lib/libpython3.7m.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against symbol `_Py_NotImplementedStruct' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
...
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/python/lib/libpython3.7m.a(getopt.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against `.rodata.str4.4' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/python/lib/libpython3.7m.a(parser.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Nonrepresentable section on output
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Command "/home/user/myproject_env/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-9hnl4thc/mod-wsgi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-fxo44dv3/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/user/myproject_env/include/site/python3.7/mod-wsgi" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-9hnl4thc/mod-wsgi/

以下是版本信息：

Apache 2.4.6 
CentOS 7 
Python 3.7.0
Django 2.0.5

编辑：

gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)
httpd-devel-2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1.x86_64

Answer 1

如mod_wsgi文档中所述，您的问题是缺少 Python 的共享库。

• http://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/installation-issues.html#lack-of-python-shared-library
• http://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/user-guides/installation-issues.html#mixing-32-bit-and-64-bit-packages

如果自己从源代码安装 Python，另请阅读：

• http://blog.dscpl.com.au/2015/06/installing-custom-python-version-into.html

忽略关于码头工人的讨论。同样的问题也出现了。在选择配置选项时必须小心。

Answer 2

正如安装警告所示，您正在尝试将mod-wsgi安装到不提供共享对象的 python 中。

从源代码编译python时，添加--enable-shared标志，以便它生成一个可以链接的libpython#.#.so共享对象

Answer 3

感谢@Graham Dumpleton 分享有用的链接。

我已经从只有 --enable-shared 的源包安装了 python，所以在尝试通过 pip3 安装包时出现错误"python：加载共享库时出错：libpython3.6m.so.1.0：无法打开共享对象文件：没有这样的文件或目录">

以下步骤也是如此，以使其工作。

./configure --prefix /usr/local --enable-shared LDFLAGS="-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib"
make
make install

现在 pip3 安装 mod-wsgi 工作正常。