如何从 Ruby 调用 CreateWindowEx

Question

我有以下代码，如果我给出无效的参数（虽然显然不起作用），这很好，但是每当我给出准确的参数时，ruby 就会出现段错误。我倾向于认为这是我的代码和/或 ruby 实际调用此 API 函数的能力的问题，但我想要更多输入。我尝试过Win32API和DL::Importer，结果相同。有什么方法可以让它工作吗？

对于好奇的人来说，这里有完整的背景知识，包括尝试在不同分支上进行Win32API和DL::Importer。在这两种情况下，您都在寻找examples/windows-test。

编辑：我已经设法让RegisterClassEx工作，但这仍然没有帮助。露比在CreateWindowEx默默地崩溃。

下面给出了如下输出：

WNDPROC： 4293787656
h实例：4194304
输入注册类Ex
窗户等级： 49795
进入 CreateWindowEx

编辑2：我正在进行的代码已经变得有点大，可以将其全部粘贴到SE中。如果你想要所有的背景，你可以在上面的链接中看到它。不过，我试图将所有相关内容都包含在此处。

class Windows
  def initialize
    puts "wndproc: #{Win32::User32::WNDPROC}"
    hInstance = Win32::Kernel32::GetModuleHandle(DL::NULL)
    puts "hInstance: #{hInstance}"
    puts "Entering RegisterClassEx"
    @window_class_struct = Win32::User32::WNDCLASSEX.malloc
    @window_class_struct.cbSize        = Win32::User32::WNDCLASSEX.size
    @window_class_struct.style         = Win32::User32::CS_HREDRAW | Win32::User32::CS_VREDRAW
    @window_class_struct.lpfnWndProc   = Win32::User32::WNDPROC
    @window_class_struct.cbClsExtra    = 0
    @window_class_struct.cbWndExtra    = 0
    @window_class_struct.hInstance     = hInstance
    @window_class_struct.hIcon         = 0
    @window_class_struct.hCursor       = 0
    @window_class_struct.hbrBackground = Win32::User32::COLOR_WINDOWFRAME
    @window_class_struct.lpszMenuName  = DL::NULL
    @window_class_struct.lpszClassName = 'ruby-skype'
    @window_class_struct.hIconSm       = 0
    p @window_class_struct
    @window_class = Win32::User32::RegisterClassEx(@window_class_struct.to_i)
    puts "Window Class: #{@window_class}"
    puts "Entering CreateWindowEx"
    @window = Win32::User32::CreateWindowEx(0, 'ruby-skype', 'ruby-skype', Win32::User32::WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                                    0, 0, 200, 200, DL::NULL, DL::NULL, DL::NULL)
    puts "Exited CreateWindowEx"
    p @window
  end
  module Win32
    module Types
      def included(m)
        m.module_eval {
          include ::DL::Win32Types
          # @see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa383751.aspx
          typealias('HBRUSH', 'HANDLE')
          typealias('HCURSOR', 'HANDLE')
          typealias('HICON', 'HANDLE')
          typealias('HMENU', 'HANDLE')
          typealias('HMODULE', 'HANDLE')
          typealias('LPCTSTR', 'unsigned char *')
          typealias('LPVOID', 'void *')
          typealias('WNDPROC', 'void *') # Actually a function pointer
          typealias('WNDCLASSEX', 'void *') # struct
        }
      end
      module_function :included
    end
    module User32
      extend DL
      extend DL::Importer
      dlload 'user32'
      include Types
      extern 'HWND CreateWindowEx(DWORD, LPCTSTR, LPCTSTR, DWORD, int, int, int, int, HWND, HMENU, HINSTANCE)'
      WNDPROC = set_callback DL::TYPE_LONG, 4 do |window_handle, message_id, wParam, lParam|
        puts "WM: #{message_id}"
      end
    end
  end
end
Windows.new

Answer 1

解决方案：使用 ffi .无论出于何种原因，它只是在DL中不起作用（Win32API引擎盖下使用DL）

全部功劳在这里，无论在哪里（我看不懂日语）：http://www19.atwiki.jp/tmtbnc/m/pages/56.html

我的猜测是DL似乎不支持stdcall，但老实说，我对它的了解还不够多。

我使用的 FFI 解决方案如下：

class Windows
  def initialize
    hInstance = Win32::GetModuleHandle(nil)
    @window_class = Win32::WNDCLASSEX.new
    @window_class[:style]         = Win32::CS_HREDRAW | Win32::CS_VREDRAW
    @window_class[:lpfnWndProc]   = method(:message_pump)
    @window_class[:hInstance]     = hInstance
    @window_class[:hbrBackground] = Win32::COLOR_WINDOWFRAME
    @window_class[:lpszClassName] = FFI::MemoryPointer.from_string 'ruby-skype'
    @window = Win32::CreateWindowEx(Win32::WS_EX_LEFT, ::FFI::Pointer.new(@window_class.atom), 'ruby-skype', Win32::WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                                    0, 0, 0, 0, Win32::NULL, Win32::NULL, hInstance, nil)
  end
  def message_pump(window_handle, message_id, wParam, lParam)
    puts "WM: #{message_id}"
    Win32::DefWindowProc(window_handle, message_id, wParam, lParam)
  end
  module Win32
    extend FFI::Library
    ffi_lib('user32', 'kernel32')
    ffi_convention(:stdcall)
    private
    def self._func(*args)
      attach_function *args
      case args.size
        when 3
          module_function args[0]
        when 4
          module_function args[0]
          alias_method(args[1], args[0])
          module_function args[1]
      end
    end
    public
    ULONG_PTR = FFI::TypeDefs[:ulong]
    LONG_PTR = FFI::TypeDefs[:long]
    ULONG = FFI::TypeDefs[:ulong]
    LONG = FFI::TypeDefs[:long]
    LPVOID = FFI::TypeDefs[:pointer]
    INT = FFI::TypeDefs[:int]
    BYTE = FFI::TypeDefs[:uint16]
    DWORD = FFI::TypeDefs[:ulong]
    BOOL = FFI::TypeDefs[:int]
    UINT = FFI::TypeDefs[:uint]
    POINTER = FFI::TypeDefs[:pointer]
    VOID = FFI::TypeDefs[:void]
    HWND = HICON = HCURSOR = HBRUSH = HINSTANCE = HGDIOBJ =
        HMENU = HMODULE = HANDLE = ULONG_PTR
    LPARAM = LONG_PTR
    WPARAM = ULONG_PTR
    LPCTSTR = LPMSG = LPVOID
    LRESULT = LONG_PTR
    ATOM = BYTE
    NULL = 0
    WNDPROC = callback(:WindowProc, [HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM], LRESULT)
    class WNDCLASSEX < FFI::Struct
      layout :cbSize, UINT,
             :style, UINT,
             :lpfnWndProc, WNDPROC,
             :cbClsExtra, INT,
             :cbWndExtra, INT,
             :hInstance, HANDLE,
             :hIcon, HICON,
             :hCursor, HCURSOR,
             :hbrBackground, HBRUSH,
             :lpszMenuName, LPCTSTR,
             :lpszClassName, LPCTSTR,
             :hIconSm, HICON
      def initialize(*args)
        super
        self[:cbSize] = self.size
        @atom = 0
      end
      def register_class_ex
        (@atom = Win32::RegisterClassEx(self)) != 0 ? @atom : raise("RegisterClassEx Error")
      end
      def atom
        @atom != 0 ? @atom : register_class_ex
      end
    end # WNDCLASSEX
    class POINT < FFI::Struct
      layout :x, LONG,
             :y, LONG
    end
    class MSG < FFI::Struct
      layout :hwnd, HWND,
             :message, UINT,
             :wParam, WPARAM,
             :lParam, LPARAM,
             :time, DWORD,
             :pt, POINT
    end
    _func(:RegisterWindowMessage, :RegisterWindowMessageA, [LPCTSTR], UINT)
    _func(:GetModuleHandle, :GetModuleHandleA, [LPCTSTR], HMODULE)
    _func(:RegisterClassEx, :RegisterClassExA, [LPVOID], ATOM)
    _func(:CreateWindowEx, :CreateWindowExA, [DWORD, LPCTSTR, LPCTSTR, DWORD, INT, INT, INT, INT, HWND, HMENU, HINSTANCE, LPVOID], HWND)
    _func(:GetMessage, :GetMessageA, [LPMSG, HWND, UINT, UINT], BOOL)
    _func(:TranslateMessage, [LPVOID], BOOL)
    _func(:DispatchMessage, :DispatchMessageA, [LPVOID], BOOL)
    _func(:DefWindowProc, :DefWindowProcA, [HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM], LRESULT)
    # @!group Predefined WindowHandle's
    #
    # These are WindowHandle's provided by the Win32 API for special purposes.
    # Target for SendMessage(). Broadcast to all windows.
    HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff
    # Used as a parent in CreateWindow(). Signifies that this should be a message-only window.
    HWND_MESSAGE = -3
    # @!endgroup
    # CreateWindow Use Default Value
    CW_USEDEFAULT = 0x80000000
    COLOR_WINDOW = 5
    COLOR_WINDOWFRAME = 6
    # @!group Class Style contants.
    CS_VREDRAW = 0x0001
    CS_HREDRAW = 0x0002
    # @!group Window Style constants
    #
    # This is only a subset.
    # @see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632600.aspx
    WS_BORDER =      0x00800000
    WS_CAPTION =     0x00C00000
    WS_DISABLED =    0x08000000
    WS_OVERLAPPED =  0x00000000
    WS_POPUP =       0x80000000
    WS_SIZEBOX =     0x00040000
    WS_SYSMENU =     0x00080000
    WS_THICKFRAME =  0x00040000
    WS_MAXIMIZEBOX = 0x00010000
    WS_MINIMIZEBOX = 0x00020000
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
    WS_POPUPWINDOW = WS_POPUP | WS_BORDER | WS_SYSMENU
    # @!group Window Extended Style constants
    #
    # This is only a subset.
    # @see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff700543.aspx
    WS_EX_LEFT = 0
    # @!endgroup
  end
end