一个额外的条件语句使程序更快



在阅读了为什么处理排序数组比处理未排序数组更快?之后,我在主循环中添加了一个额外的测试。似乎这个额外的测试使程序更快。

int main()
{
    // Generate data
    const unsigned arraySize = 32768;
    int data[arraySize];
    for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
         data[c] = std::rand() % 256;
    //Don't sort the array
    //std::sort(data, data + arraySize);
    // Test
    clock_t start = clock();
    long long sum = 0;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
    {
        // Primary loop
        for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
        {
            if (data[c] >= 128)
                sum += data[c];
            //With this additional test, execution becomes faster
            if (data[c] < 128)
                sum += data[c];
        }
    }
    double elapsedTime = static_cast<double>(clock() - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    std::cout << elapsedTime << std::endl;
    std::cout << "sum = " << sum << std::endl;
}
我通过附加测试获得

大约 4.2 秒,在没有额外测试的情况下获得 18 秒。额外的测试不应该使程序变慢而不是更快吗?

由于该特定的附加测试,因此等效代码:

for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
{
    // Primary loop
    for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
    {
       if (data[c] >= 128)
            sum += data[c];
        //With this additional test, execution becomes faster
        if (data[c] < 128)
            sum += data[c];
     }
}

变成这样:

for (unsigned i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
{
  // Primary loop
  for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
  {
    sum += data[c];//because exactly one condition is guaranteed to be
                   //true in each iteration (in your code)!
                   //the equivalent is as if there is no condition at all!
  }
}

这就是为什么它变得更快。

正是由于不寻常的附加测试和相同的主体,编译器能够优化代码,消除if条件。当你有一个if时,编译器就不能这样做。

试着写这个:

sum -= data[c]; //the body is not identical anymore!

if条件之一。我相信编译器将无法优化代码。它现在应该发出较慢的机器代码。


请注意,外部循环可以完全省略,尽管它不太依赖于额外的测试:

// Primary loop
for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
{
    sum += 100000 * data[c];
}

或者,这个:

// Primary loop
for (unsigned c = 0; c < arraySize; ++c)
{
    sum += data[c];
} 
sum = 100000 * sum; //multiple once!

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