有没有办法不传递 Common-Lisp 中的参数而不是传递"NIL"?



我根据用户输入调用函数,但有些有两个参数,有些只有一个。与其在每个函数上使用 &optional 参数(并且从不使用它),有没有办法在参数的值为"NIL"时简单地不传递参数?

这适用于交互式小说游戏,其中用户键入一些命令,这些命令被转换为函数调用。

(defun inputs (state)
    (format *query-io* "> ")
    (force-output *query-io*)
    (let* ((entry (cl-ppcre:split "\s+" (string-downcase (read-line *query-io*))))
      (function (car entry))
      (args (cdr entry)))
      (if (valid-call function)
      (funcall (symbol-function (read-from-string function))
           state
           args)
      (progn
        (format *query-io* "Sorry, I don't know the command '~a'~%~%" function)
        (inputs state)))))
如果用户输入是"装备剑",我需要调用函数"装备",传递'

("剑")作为参数,但如果用户输入是"状态",我需要调用函数"状态"而不传递'args',而不是将它们作为"NIL"传递

我想你想用apply而不是funcallfind-symbol而不是 read-from-string(出于安全原因,这实际上很重要!和destructuring-bind而不是let*

(defun inputs (state)
  (format *query-io* "> ")
  (force-output *query-io*)
  (destructuring-bind (command &rest args)
      (cl-ppcre:split "\s+" (string-downcase (read-line *query-io*)))
    (if (valid-call command)
        (apply (find-symbol command) state args)
        (progn
          (format *query-io* "Sorry, I don't know the command '~a'~%~%" command)
          (inputs state)))))

使用 apply 可以让命令接受任意数量的参数,而不是一个参数。

事实上,您的valid-call可能应该返回要调用的函数:

(let ((f (valid-call function)))
  (if f
      (apply f state args)
      ...)

您还可以使用简单的LOOP而不是递归调用:

(defun inputs (state)
  (loop
   (format *query-io* "> ")
   (force-output *query-io*)
   (let* ((entry (cl-ppcre:split "\s+" (string-downcase (read-line *query-io*))))
          (function (car entry))
          (args     (cdr entry)))
     (when (valid-call function)
       (apply (symbol-function (find-symbol function))
              state
              args)
       (return))
     (format *query-io* "Sorry, I don't know the command '~a'~%~%" function))))

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