字符串被变异为字典，但无法弄清楚在哪里

Question

我试图实现一个拼字游戏类型和功能playHand返回一个AttributeError: 'str'对象没有属性'copy'。错误来自updateHand Hand = Hand.copy()，但我已经单独测试了updateHand，并且在其ow上工作得很好。我试着查过，但什么也没找到。很抱歉太长了!我没办法。谢谢!

VOWELS = 'aeiou'
CONSONANTS = 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz'
HAND_SIZE = 7
SCRABBLE_LETTER_VALUES = {
'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 3, 'd': 2, 'e': 1, 'f': 4, 'g': 2, 'h': 4, 'i': 1, 'j': 8, 'k': 5, 'l': 1, 'm': 3, 'n': 1, 'o': 1, 'p': 3, 'q': 10, 'r': 1, 's': 1, 't': 1, 'u': 1, 'v': 4, 'w': 4, 'x': 8, 'y': 4, 'z': 10
}
def getWordScore(word, n):
"""
Returns the score for a word. Assumes the word is a valid word.
The score for a word is the sum of the points for letters in the
word, multiplied by the length of the word, PLUS 50 points if all n
letters are used on the first turn.
Letters are scored as in Scrabble; A is worth 1, B is worth 3, C is
worth 3, D is worth 2, E is worth 1, and so on (see SCRABBLE_LETTER_VALUES)
word: string (lowercase letters)
n: integer (HAND_SIZE; i.e., hand size required for additional points)
returns: int >= 0
"""
score = 0
for letter in word:
    score += SCRABBLE_LETTER_VALUES[letter]
return score * len(word) + 50 * (len(word) == n)
def displayHand(hand):
"""
Displays the letters currently in the hand.
For example:
>>> displayHand({'a':1, 'x':2, 'l':3, 'e':1})
Should print out something like:
   a x x l l l e
The order of the letters is unimportant.
hand: dictionary (string -> int)
"""
for letter in hand.keys():
    for j in range(hand[letter]):
         print(letter,end=" ")       # print all on the same line
print()                             # print an empty line

def updateHand(hand, word):
"""
Assumes that 'hand' has all the letters in word.
In other words, this assumes that however many times
a letter appears in 'word', 'hand' has at least as
many of that letter in it. 
Updates the hand: uses up the letters in the given word
and returns the new hand, without those letters in it.
Has no side effects: does not modify hand.
word: string
hand: dictionary (string -> int)    
returns: dictionary (string -> int)
"""
Hand = hand.copy()
for letter in word:
    Hand[letter] -= 1
return Hand

def isValidWord(word, hand, wordList):
"""
Returns True if word is in the wordList and is entirely
composed of letters in the hand. Otherwise, returns False.
Does not mutate hand or wordList.
word: string
hand: dictionary (string -> int)
wordList: list of lowercase strings
"""
Hand = hand.copy()
if word not in wordList:
    return False
for letter in word:
    if letter not in Hand:
        return(False)   
        break
    else: 
        Hand[letter] -= 1  
        if Hand[letter] < 0:
            return False
return True    
def calculateHandlen(hand):
""" 
Returns the length (number of letters) in the current hand.
hand: dictionary (string int)
returns: integer
"""
return sum(hand.values())
def printCurrentHand(hand):
print('Current Hand: ', end = ' ')
displayHand(hand)
def printTotalScore(score):
print('Total: ' + str(score) + ' points')
def updateAndPrintScore(score, word, n):
currentScore = getWordScore(word, n)
score += currentScore
print('" ' + word + ' "' + ' earned ' + str(currentScore) + ' points.', end             = ' ')
print(printTotalScore(score))    
return score

def playHand(hand, wordList, n):
"""
Allows the user to play the given hand, as follows:
* The hand is displayed.
* The user may input a word or a single period (the string ".") 
  to indicate they're done playing
* Invalid words are rejected, and a message is displayed asking
  the user to choose another word until they enter a valid word or "."
* When a valid word is entered, it uses up letters from the hand.
* After every valid word: the score for that word is displayed,
  the remaining letters in the hand are displayed, and the user
  is asked to input another word.
* The sum of the word scores is displayed when the hand finishes.
* The hand finishes when there are no more unused letters or the user
  inputs a "."
  hand: dictionary (string -> int)
  wordList: list of lowercase strings
  n: integer (HAND_SIZE; i.e., hand size required for additional points)
"""
score = 0# Keep track of the total score
hand_copy = hand.copy()
while calculateHandlen(hand_copy) > 0:
    printCurrentHand(hand_copy)
    word = input("Enter word, or a "." to indicate that you are finished: ")
    if word == '.':
        print("Goodbye!", end = ' ')
        break
    if isValidWord(word, hand_copy, wordList):
        score += updateAndPrintScore(score, word, n)
        hand_copy = updateHand(word, hand_copy)
    else: 
        print('Invalid word!')
        print()
if calculateHandlen(hand_copy) == 0:
    print("Run out of letters.", end = ' ')
printTotalScore(score)      
playHand({'h':1, 'i':1, 'c':1, 'z':1, 'm':2, 'a':1},['him', 'cam'], 7)

错误代码

runfile('C:/Users/.spyder2-py3/ProjectsMIT/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/.spyder2-py3/ProjectsMIT')
Current Hand:  c a h i m m z 
Enter word, or a "." to indicate that you are finished: him
" him " earned 24 points. Total: 24 points
None
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<ipython-input-2-2e4e8585ae85>", line 1, in <module>
    runfile('C:/Users/.spyder2-py3/ProjectsMIT/temp.py', wdir='C:/Users/.spyder2-py3/ProjectsMIT')
  File "C:UsersAnaconda3libsite-packagesspyderlibwidgetsexternalshellsitecustomize.py", line 714, in runfile
    execfile(filename, namespace)
  File "C:UsersAnaconda3libsite-packagesspyderlibwidgetsexternalshellsitecustomize.py", line 89, in execfile
    exec(compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec'), namespace)
    line 183, in <module>
    playHand({'h':1, 'i':1, 'c':1, 'z':1, 'm':2, 'a':1},['him', 'cam'], 7)
    line 172, in playHand
    hand_copy = updateHand(word, hand_copy)
   line 72, in updateHand
    Hand = hand.copy()
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'copy'

Answer 1

您传递给updateHand()的参数与预期参数相反:

第161行:

hand_copy = updateHand(word, hand_copy)

49行:

def updateHand(hand, word):

注意updateHand期望一个手作为第一个参数，但是你传递了一个手作为第二个参数。

修复方法很简单。用

替换第161行

hand_copy = updateHand(hand_copy, word)