我正在尝试使用 tkinter中的按钮制作扫雷，这是我第一次使用 tkinter。我唯一的问题是我不知道如何创建对不同键做出不同反应的按钮(我希望"f"创建一个标志并左键单击以"打开"磁贴(，同时仍然能够传递一个不同于创建按钮时的变量到函数......代码后描述会变得更清晰...
from tkinter import *
from random import *
master = Tk()
bomb_positions = []
for i in range (160):
random = randint(0, 2)
if random == 0 or 1: #These are 'safe' buttons
btn = Button(master, width=2)
btn.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', lambda event, i=i: check(i))
#Correct value of i when check(i) is called at event
btn.bind('f', lambda event, i=i: place_flag(i))
#Diffrent value if i when place_flag(i) is called at event
btn.pack()
btn.grid(row=row, column=col)
if random == 2: #These are 'bombs'
btn = Button(master, width=2)
btn.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', function3)
btn.bind('f', lambda event, i=i: place_flag(i)) #Same problem as above
btn.pack()
bomb_positions.append(i)
运行程序时，每个按钮的特定值 i 进入函数 1。但是，当我在任何按钮上按"f"时，会调用"place_flag(("函数，但 i 的值不同。(有趣的是，调用 'place_flag((' 函数时使用的 i 值开始时不给出任何值。对于 tkinter 窗口的非活动部分上的每次按 TAB，该值从 1 开始，每次按 Tab 都会增加 1。
我希望 i 的值与"check(("函数后面的值相同，但我不知道是什么导致了我的问题。有什么想法吗？
(编程非常新手，所以很抱歉不正确的术语和模糊的解释......很高兴我能得到的所有帮助！
您没有跟踪按钮，因此将来无法编辑它们。我为您的代码添加了一个 btnList 以跟踪它们。 我还为<Enter>创建了一个新的绑定，它将焦点设置在当前鼠标位于其顶部的按钮上。
此代码应该允许您将鼠标悬停在按钮上，按"f"键，它将按钮的文本从空白更改为"F"。
我现在还更新了你的代码，以便当用户点击一个正方形时，它会检查该方块是否在bomb_positions列表中;如果是，请在控制台上打印"Boom！！"并在按钮中放置一个*，如果它不是炸弹，那么它会放置一个O。
希望我所做的更改能帮助你继续游戏。
from tkinter import *
from random import *
master = Tk()
bomb_positions = []
def function3(event):
print("Function3")
def place_flag(square):
print("PlaceFlag")
btnList[square]['text'] = 'F'
def check(square,btn):
print("Check ",square, btn)
if square in bomb_positions:
print("Booommmmm!!!")
btnList[square]['text'] = '*'
else:
btnList[square]['text'] = 'O'
def setFocus(event):
event.widget.focus_set()
btnList = []
for i in range (160):
random = randint(0, 2)
row, col = divmod(i,16)
if random == 0 or 1: #These are 'safe' buttons
btn = Button(master, width=2)
btn.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', lambda event, i=i: check(i,btn))
#Correct value of i when check(i) is called at event
btn.bind('f', lambda event, i=i: place_flag(i))
#Diffrent value if i when place_flag(i) is called at event
#btn.pack()
btn.grid(row=row, column=col)
if random == 2: #These are 'bombs'
btn = Button(master, width=2)
btn.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', lambda event, i=i: check(i,btn))
btn.bind('f', lambda event, i=i: place_flag(i)) #Same problem as above
btn.grid(row=row, column=col)
bomb_positions.append(i)
btn.bind("<Enter>",setFocus)
btnList.append(btn)
master.mainloop()
只需进行简单的更改，就可以对按钮进行颜色编码，以显示其中是否有炸弹。
def check(square,btn):
print("Check ",square, btn)
if square in bomb_positions:
print("Booommmmm!!!")
btnList[square]['bg'] = 'red'
btnList[square]['text'] = '*'
else:
btnList[square]['bg'] = 'green'
如果你尝试在Python中实现Minesweeper，你可能会发现这是你的代码的一个有用的起点：
import tkinter
import functools
class MineSweep(tkinter.Frame):
@classmethod
def main(cls, width, height):
root = tkinter.Tk()
window = cls(root, width, height)
root.mainloop()
def __init__(self, master, width, height):
super().__init__(master)
self.__width = width
self.__height = height
self.__build_buttons()
self.grid()
def __build_buttons(self):
self.__buttons = []
for y in range(self.__height):
row = []
for x in range(self.__width):
button = tkinter.Button(self)
button.grid(column=x, row=y)
button['text'] = '?'
command = functools.partial(self.__push, x, y)
button['command'] = command
row.append(button)
self.__buttons.append(row)
def __push(self, x, y):
print('Column = {}nRow = {}'.format(x, y))
if __name__ == '__main__':
MineSweep.main(10, 10)
如果您正在寻找一个功能更齐全的程序进行修改，您可能希望将其用作起点：
import tkinter
import functools
import random
from tkinter.simpledialog import askstring, Dialog
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
import os.path
################################################################################
class MineSweep(tkinter.Frame):
@classmethod
def main(cls, width, height, mines, scores):
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.resizable(False, False)
root.title('MineSweep')
window = cls(root, width, height, mines, scores)
root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', window.close)
root.mainloop()
################################################################################
def __init__(self, master, width, height, mines, scores):
super().__init__(master)
self.__width = width
self.__height = height
self.__mines = mines
self.__wondering = width * height
self.__started = False
self.__playing = True
self.__scores = ScoreTable()
self.__record_file = scores
if os.path.isfile(scores):
self.__scores.load(scores)
self.__build_timer()
self.__build_buttons()
self.grid()
def close(self):
self.__scores.save(self.__record_file)
self.quit()
def __build_timer(self):
self.__secs = tkinter.IntVar()
self.__timer = tkinter.Label(textvariable=self.__secs)
self.__timer.grid(columnspan=self.__width, sticky=tkinter.EW)
self.__after_handle = None
def __build_buttons(self):
self.__reset_button = tkinter.Button(self)
self.__reset_button['text'] = 'Reset'
self.__reset_button['command'] = self.__reset
self.__reset_button.grid(column=0, row=1,
columnspan=self.__width, sticky=tkinter.EW)
self.__reset_button.blink_handle = None
self.__buttons = []
for y in range(self.__height):
row = []
for x in range(self.__width):
button = tkinter.Button(self, width=2, height=1,
text='?', fg='red')
button.grid(column=x, row=y+2)
command = functools.partial(self.__push, x, y)
button['command'] = command
row.append(button)
self.__buttons.append(row)
def __reset(self):
for row in self.__buttons:
for button in row:
button.config(text='?', fg='red')
self.__started = False
self.__playing = True
self.__wondering = self.__width * self.__height
if self.__after_handle is not None:
self.after_cancel(self.__after_handle)
self.__after_handle = None
self.__secs.set(0)
def __push(self, x, y, real=True):
button = self.__buttons[y][x]
if self.__playing:
if not self.__started:
self.__build_mines()
while self.__buttons[y][x].mine:
self.__build_mines()
self.__started = True
self.__after_handle = self.after(1000, self.__tick)
if not button.pushed:
self.__push_button(button, x, y)
elif real:
self.__blink(button, button['bg'], 'red')
elif real:
self.__blink(button, button['bg'], 'red')
def __blink(self, button, from_bg, to_bg, times=8):
if button.blink_handle is not None and times == 8:
return
button['bg'] = (to_bg, from_bg)[times & 1]
times -= 1
if times:
blinker = functools.partial(self.__blink, button,
from_bg, to_bg, times)
button.blink_handle = self.after(250, blinker)
else:
button.blink_handle = None
def __tick(self):
self.__after_handle = self.after(1000, self.__tick)
self.__secs.set(self.__secs.get() + 1)
def __push_button(self, button, x, y):
button.pushed = True
if button.mine:
button['text'] = 'X'
self.__playing = False
self.after_cancel(self.__after_handle)
self.__after_handle = None
self.__blink(self.__reset_button, button['bg'], 'red')
else:
button['fg'] = 'SystemButtonText'
count = self.__total(x, y)
button['text'] = count and str(count) or ' '
self.__wondering -= 1
if self.__wondering == self.__mines:
self.after_cancel(self.__after_handle)
self.__after_handle = None
self.__finish_game()
def __finish_game(self):
self.__playing = False
score = self.__secs.get()
for row in self.__buttons:
for button in row:
if button.mine:
button['text'] = 'X'
if self.__scores.eligible(score):
name = askstring('New Record', 'What is your name?')
if name is None:
name = 'Anonymous'
self.__scores.add(name, score)
else:
showinfo('You did not get on the high score table.')
HighScoreView(self, 'High Scores', self.__scores.listing())
def __total(self, x, y):
count = 0
for x_offset in range(-1, 2):
x_index = x + x_offset
for y_offset in range(-1, 2):
y_index = y + y_offset
if 0 <= x_index < self.__width and 0 <= y_index < self.__height:
count += self.__buttons[y_index][x_index].mine
if not count:
self.__propagate(x, y)
return count
def __propagate(self, x, y):
for x_offset in range(-1, 2):
x_index = x + x_offset
for y_offset in range(-1, 2):
y_index = y + y_offset
if 0 <= x_index < self.__width and 0 <= y_index < self.__height:
self.__push(x_index, y_index, False)
def __build_mines(self):
mines = [True] * self.__mines
empty = [False] * (self.__width * self.__height - self.__mines)
total = mines + empty
random.shuffle(total)
iterator = iter(total)
for row in self.__buttons:
for button in row:
button.mine = next(iterator)
button.pushed = False
button.blink_handle = None
################################################################################
class ScoreTable:
def __init__(self, size=10):
self.__data = {999: [''] * size}
def add(self, name, score):
assert self.eligible(score)
if score in self.__data:
self.__data[score].insert(0, name)
else:
self.__data[score] = [name]
if len(self.__data[max(self.__data)]) == 1:
del self.__data[max(self.__data)]
else:
del self.__data[max(self.__data)][-1]
def eligible(self, score):
return score <= max(self.__data)
def listing(self):
for key in sorted(self.__data.keys()):
for name in self.__data[key]:
yield name, key
def load(self, filename):
self.__data = eval(open(filename, 'r').read())
def save(self, filename):
open(filename, 'w').write(repr(self.__data))
################################################################################
class HighScoreView(Dialog):
def __init__(self, parent, title, generator):
self.__scores = generator
super().__init__(parent, title)
def body(self, master):
self.__labels = []
for row, (name, score) in enumerate(self.__scores):
label = tkinter.Label(master, text=name)
self.__labels.append(label)
label.grid(row=row, column=0)
label = tkinter.Label(master, text=str(score))
self.__labels.append(label)
label.grid(row=row, column=1)
self.__okay = tkinter.Button(master, command=self.ok, text='Okay')
self.__okay.grid(ipadx=100, columnspan=2, column=0, row=row+1)
return self.__okay
def buttonbox(self):
pass
################################################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
MineSweep.main(10, 10, 10, 'scores.txt')
参考：活动状态代码 » 配方 » 扫雷