我正在尝试创建一个脚本（纯粹是学习目的）来翻译具有几个不同词典的给定单词。我完成了两个，使用 urllib2 和 beautifulsoup 来获取和解析翻译，然后转向谷歌翻译。
我很快发现它返回 403 禁止错误。添加用户代理会获得翻译，但只有一个单词的翻译。为了说明这一点，请转到 http://translate.google.com/?text=test&sl=en&tl=es，您将获得翻译（在标题为"hps"的类中）以及动词，名词和形容词的列表。但是使用下面的脚本，html是不同的，只返回主翻译，并且在
span id=result_box
动词，名词等找不到。
在这个过程中，经过相当多的谷歌搜索，我意识到现在有一个 API - 而不是一个免费的 API。我不打算发布任何最终脚本，也不打算使用它来违反任何 TOS，但现在我对为什么浏览器和 urllib 等之间的区别很感兴趣。
为此，我尝试了带有用户代理的纯urllib2，并进行了机械化 - 如下所示。所以，我的问题是 - 除了用户代理，浏览器和 python 脚本还有什么区别？我试过使用萤火虫，但没有任何东西跳出来（尽管我是一个菜鸟）。谢谢！
编辑：来自Firebug的请求标头和我的脚本如下。
import mechanize
import re
import cookielib
# Browser
br = mechanize.Browser()
# Cookie Jar
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
br.set_cookiejar(cj)
# Browser options
br.set_handle_equiv(True)
br.set_handle_redirect(True)
br.set_handle_referer(True)
br.set_handle_robots(False)
# Follows refresh 0 but not hangs on refresh > 0
br.set_handle_refresh(mechanize._http.HTTPRefreshProcessor(), max_time=1)
# Want debugging messages?
br.set_debug_http(True)
br.set_debug_redirects(True)
br.set_debug_responses(True)
# User-Agent (this is cheating, ok?)
br.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.1) Gecko/2008071615 Fedora/3.0.1-1.fc9 Firefox/3.0.1')]
# Open some site, let's pick a random one, the first that pops in mind:
r = br.open('http://translate.google.com/?text=test&sl=en&tl=es')
html = r.read()
match = re.findall(r'verb', html)
print match
萤火虫：
GET /?text=test&sl=en&tl=es HTTP/1.1
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate
Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5
Connection keep-alive
Cookie PREF=ID=298b435815ef8553:U=e7dad4baf65f083b:FF=0:LD=en:CR=2:TM=1327516863:LM=1339428154:S=maktYFZEHXXpMDFg; NID=60=U229h4lzOnjpHyidbhgYecCx72Myp_-XHgupW-R_mWtpuOveDdIOO1uLBq-6ltn-ER15ppJryR7yYOYEhkCfUCl45qNz5aymBQ1CGDHS4UcHu2oIDYAHut0ctnlL76eDW3n7kjOWoz5wNH6NMw
Host translate.google.com
User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:9.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/9.0
脚本：
send： 'GET/？text=test&sl=en&tl=es HTTP/1.1\rAccept-Encoding： 标识\r主机： translate.google.com\r连接： 关闭\r用户代理： Mozilla/5.0 （X11;U;Linux i686;en-US; rv：1.9.0.1） 壁虎/2008071615 Fedora/3.0.1-1.fc9 Firefox/3.0.1\r\r' 回复："HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r"标头： 日期： 2012年6月11日 星期一 16：13：42 格林威治标准时间
标题： 到期： 星期五， 01 一月 1990 00：00：00 GMT
标头：缓存控制：无缓存，必须重新验证
标头：杂注：无缓存
标题：X帧选项：同源
header： 内容类型： text/html; charset=UTF-8
标题： 内容语言： en
标头： 设置饼干： PREF=ID=6dd42f2264250d7c：TM=1333431222：LM=1339454222：S=k6JXSoGGaAMNmPEo; 到期=2014 年 6 月 11 日星期三 16：13：42 GMT;路径=/;域名=.谷歌.com
标头： 设置饼干： NID=60=f8czmR413h3sKUGJUUM4PLKl2O7SUtqfW5hss5O54sRKoErf9wIEU4Wu2WCuHzWTJQ3p1Rj7dQv1B4BBmSMY1tmfus7UZGCYFIKaXoKwklZ9tZsr5vds8vvvFjRdZyevn; expires=星期二， 11-Dec-2012 16：13：42 GMT;路径=/;域=.谷歌.com; 仅 httponly
标头：P3P：CP="这不是 P3P 策略！看 http://www.google.com/support/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=151657 以获取更多信息。
标头：X-内容类型选项：nosniff
标头：服务器：HTTP 服务器（未知）
标头：X-XSS-保护：1;模式=块
标头：连接：关闭
动词、形容词，因为它们是通过 AJAX 调用加载的。您的机械化浏览器没有javascript。因此，它无法执行任何 AJAX。但是，如果您可以查看浏览器的检查器或其他内容，您将看到调用的标头、URL 和参数。现在剩下的就是模仿这个呼唤。
我卷曲了它，我得到了一个 JSON 响应：
thrustmaster@thrustmaster:~/Temp$ curl 'http://translate.google.com/translate_a/t?client=t&text=test&hl=en&sl=en&tl=es&multires=1&ssel=0&tsel=0&sc=1' -H 'User-Agent: blah'
[[["prueba","test","",""]],[["noun",["prueba","ensayo","test","examen","an�lisis","criterio","toque","ejercicio","tanteo"],[["prueba",["test","proof","evidence","trial","event","race"]],["ensayo",["test","trial","essay","assay","testing","rehearsal"]],["test",["test"]],["examen",["examination","review","exam","test","inspection","quiz"]],["an�lisis",["analysis","test","review","assay","breakdown"]],["criterio",["criterion","judgment","standard","test","view","yardstick"]],["toque",["touch","stroke","test","knock","blast","chime"]],["ejercicio",["exercise","practice","drill","practicing","test","prosecution"]],["tanteo",["score","scoring","trial","test","try","calculation"]]]],["adjective",["de prueba"],[["de prueba",["test","testing","trial","probationary","corrective"]]]],["verb",["probar","comprobar","ensayar","examinar","poner a prueba","experimentar","someter a prueba","interrogar","hacer investigaciones","justificar","graduar"],[["probar",["test","try","prove","taste","try out","sample"]],["comprobar",["check","test","prove","ascertain","make sure","substantiate"]],["ensayar",["test","try","rehearse","try out","assay","essay"]],["examinar",["examine","consider","review","look at","explore","test"]],["poner a prueba",["test","try","try out","prove","tempt","put through his paces"]],["experimentar",["experience","experiment","undergo","experiment with","feel","test"]],["someter a prueba",["test","try out","touch"]],["interrogar",["question","interrogate","examine","cross-examine","ask","test"]],["hacer investigaciones",["test"]],["justificar",["justify","warrant","substantiate","prove","make good","test"]],["graduar",["graduate","grade","calibrate","time","test"]]]]],"en",,[["prueba",[5],1,0,1000,0,1,0]],[["test",4,,,""],["test",5,[["prueba",1000,1,0],["prueba de",0,1,0],["ensayo",0,1,0],["de prueba",0,1,0],["test",0,1,0]],[[0,4]],"test"]],,,[["en"]],5]thrustmaster@thrustmaster:~/Temp$
现在，可能在您的脚本中，您必须从下面的 URL 获得响应：
http://translate.google.com/translate_a/t?client=t&text=test&hl=en&sl=en&tl=es&multires=1&ssel=0&tsel=0&sc=1
附注：
正如您所说，如果您打算使用此脚本，这可能是一个 TOS 问题。在 API 上使用它始终是更好的选择。您所依赖的 HTML 可以随时更改。