我正在编写一个程序，该程序将读取两个文件（hw8.data和codex.data）。hw8.data包含一首诗，而codex.data包含要在该诗中替换的单词。我已经将要加载的文件保存在链接列表中。我很难找到匹配的单词并替换它们。此外，我也很难将标点符号从hw8转移到新替换的单词上。hw8：你好，世界。，法典：世界sup，所以诗中的新词应该是Hello sup。这是hw8.data
Eye have a spelling chequer,
It came with my Pea Sea.
It plane lee marks four my revue,
Miss Steaks I can knot sea.
Eye strike the quays and type a whirred,
And weight four it two say,
Weather eye am write oar wrong,
It tells me straight aweigh.
Eye ran this poem threw it,
Your shore real glad two no.
Its vary polished in its weigh.
My chequer tolled me sew.
A chequer is a bless thing,
It freeze yew lodes of thyme.
It helps me right all stiles of righting,
And aides me when eye rime.
Each frays come posed up on my screen,
Eye trussed too bee a joule.
The chequer pours over every word,
Two cheque sum spelling rule.
Codex.data（并非全部）
Eye I
eye I
chequer checker
Pea P
Sea C
plane plainly
lee skip
four for
revue review
Miss Mistakes
Steaks skip
knot not
sea see
quays keys
.
.
.
这是我的代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node {
char * word;
struct node* next;
};
struct codex {
char *word1;
char *word2;
struct codex *next;
};
struct node *loadWords(FILE *stream);
struct codex *loadCodex(FILE *stream);
struct node *exchange(struct node *head, struct codex *headC);
int main()
{
FILE *stream = NULL;
struct node *head;
struct node *temp;
struct node *loop;
struct codex *headC;
struct codex *tempC;
struct codex *loopC;
head = loadWords(stream);
if (head == NULL) {
return 1;
}
temp = head;//print each word
while (temp != NULL) {
//printf ( "%sn", temp->word);
temp = temp->next;
}
headC = loadCodex(stream);
if (headC == NULL) {
return 1;
}
tempC = headC;//print each word
while (tempC != NULL) {
//printf ( "%s %sn", tempC->word1, tempC->word2);
tempC = tempC->next;
}
struct node *exchangedHead;
struct node *temp2;
exchangedHead = exchange(head, headC);
if (exchangedHead == NULL) {
return 1;
}
temp2 = exchangedHead;//print each word
while (temp2 != NULL) {
//printf ( "%s ", temp2->word);
temp2 = temp2->next;
}
temp = head;// free memory
while(temp != NULL) {
loop = temp->next;
free ( temp->word);
free ( temp);
temp = loop;
}
tempC = headC;// free memory
while (tempC != NULL) {
loopC = tempC->next;
free ( tempC->word1);
free ( tempC->word2);
free ( tempC);
tempC = loopC;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* This function will go through and load the words from the text file and save it to
* the struct and link the current struct to the next one
*/
struct node *loadWords(FILE *stream) {
struct node *loop = NULL;
struct node *temp = NULL;
struct node *head = NULL;
char *words = NULL;
char *currentWord;
size_t chrCount = 0;
if ((stream = fopen("hw8.data", "r")) == NULL) {
printf ("could not open filen");
return NULL;
}
while(getline( &words, &chrCount, stream) > 0) {//read a line from file
currentWord = strtok(words, " ");//get first token
while (currentWord != NULL) {//loop through tokens
if((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct node))) == NULL) {
printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.n");
exit(0);
}
temp->word = strdup ( currentWord);//allocate memory and copy token to word
if ( head == NULL) {
head = temp;//first structure
}
else {
loop = head;
while ( loop->next != NULL) {//loop to last structure
loop = loop->next;//add structure to end
}
loop->next = temp;
}
currentWord = strtok(NULL, " ");//next token
}
free (words);//release memory
chrCount = 0;//so readline will allocate memory for next line
words = NULL;
}
return head;
}
/*
* This function will go through and load the words from the text file and save it to
* the struct and link the current struct to the next one
*/
struct codex *loadCodex(FILE *stream) {
struct codex *loop = NULL;
struct codex *temp = NULL;
struct codex *head = NULL;
char *words = NULL;
char *currentWord;
char *currentWord2;
size_t chrCount = 0;
if (( stream = fopen("codex.data", "r")) == NULL) {
printf ("could not open filen");
return NULL;
}
while(getline( &words, &chrCount, stream) > 0) {//read a line from file
currentWord = strtok(words, " ");//get first token
currentWord2 = strtok(NULL, "n");
while (currentWord != NULL && currentWord2 != NULL) {//loop through tokens
if((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct node))) == NULL) {
printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.n");
exit(0);
}
temp->word1 = strdup ( currentWord);//allocate memory and copy token to word
temp->word2 = strdup ( currentWord2);
if (head == NULL) {
head = temp;//first structure
}
else {
loop = head;
while ( loop->next != NULL) {//loop to last structure
loop = loop->next;//add structure to end
}
loop->next = temp;
}
currentWord = strtok(NULL, " ");//next token
}
free (words);//release memory
chrCount = 0;//so readline will allocate memory for next line
words = NULL;
}
return head;
}
struct node *exchange(struct node *head, struct codex *headC) {
struct node *temp;
temp = head;
while(head != NULL && headC != NULL) {
if(strcmp(head->word, headC->word1)) {
head->word = relloc(head->word, strlen(headC->word2));
head->word = headC->word2;
head->next = temp->next;
headC = headC->next;
temp = temp->next;
}
}
}
您在exchange中遇到的问题（除了拼写错误的realloc和无法返回值之外）是无法为realloc上的null-terminating字符分配空间。（注意，我还没有检查列表操作的正确性）
head->word = realloc(head->word, strlen(headC->word2));
应该是
head->word = realloc(head->word, strlen(headC->word2) + 1);
这就解释了为什么每行末尾都会丢失1-char标点符号。
您还应该将realloc分配给tmp指针，并且仅在重新分配成功的情况下分配head->word = tmp;。（否则您将丢失head->word的原始内容）此外，如果您不打算从exchange返回值，只需使函数void（否则返回head）。如果这不能纠正问题，请告诉我，我会深入研究。
更多问题
查看代码，我看到了更多的问题（有些问题很重要）。首先，你的exchange功能是一辆火车失事。通常，在迭代链表时，您会创建一个临时指针来进行迭代，而不是使用列表地址（如在main中所做的那样）。你为什么不这样做作为交换？鉴于此，我取消了交换并重写了它。它包含在下面。在您的读取函数中，明智地选择使用getline，但不需要重置chrCount = 0;或words = NULL;以便getline分配下一行。它会自动完成。
然而，当你把线words送到strtok时，你犯了一个犯规——没有先复制。为什么？CCD_ 21分配了空间并且需要管理/释放其分配的存储器块。当您将words发送到strtok时，它会修改内存，插入null-terminating字符，当getline尝试free/realloc块时，这可能会导致杂散错误始终在将线路发送到strtok之前，复制getline分配的线路。此外，由于您必须释放副本，请为副本创建一个pointer，以便保留内存块的起始地址，以便在完成后传递给free。
不需要将未打开的FILE*指针传递给读取函数。可以在函数中声明。您需要传递的是一个filename，这样您的read函数就可以知道要打开什么。我更改了main以包含其参数，所以现在您可以将单词/codex文件名作为参数传递。
注意：我刚刚在测试中使用了您的示例代码值。
查看代码中的修改和注释：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node {
char * word;
struct node* next;
};
struct codex {
char *word1;
char *word2;
struct codex *next;
};
struct node *loadWords(char *filename);
struct codex *loadCodex(char *filename);
struct node *exchange(struct node *head, struct codex *headC);
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc < 3) {
fprintf (stderr, "error: insufficient input. Usage: %s nodefile codexfilen", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
// FILE *stream = NULL;
struct node *head;
struct node *temp;
struct node *loop;
struct codex *headC;
struct codex *tempC;
struct codex *loopC;
head = loadWords(argv[1]);
if (head == NULL) {
return 1;
}
printf ("nOriginal:nn");
temp = head;//print each word
while (temp != NULL) {
printf ( " %s", temp->word);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf ("n");
headC = loadCodex(argv[2]);
if (headC == NULL) {
return 1;
}
tempC = headC;//print each word
while (tempC != NULL) {
// printf ( "%s %sn", tempC->word1, tempC->word2);
tempC = tempC->next;
}
struct node *exchangedHead;
struct node *temp2;
exchangedHead = exchange(head, headC);
if (exchangedHead == NULL) {
return 1;
}
printf ("nExchanged:nn");
temp2 = exchangedHead;//print each word
while (temp2 != NULL) {
printf ( " %s", temp2->word);
temp2 = temp2->next;
}
printf ("n");
temp = head;// free memory
while(temp != NULL) {
loop = temp->next;
free ( temp->word);
free ( temp);
temp = loop;
}
tempC = headC;// free memory
while (tempC != NULL) {
loopC = tempC->next;
free ( tempC->word1);
free ( tempC->word2);
free ( tempC);
tempC = loopC;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* This function will go through and load the words from the text file and save it to
* the struct and link the current struct to the next one
*/
struct node *loadWords(char *filename) {
FILE *stream = NULL;
struct node *loop = NULL;
struct node *temp = NULL;
struct node *head = NULL;
char *words = NULL;
char *currentWord;
size_t chrCount = 0;
ssize_t nchr = 0;
if ((stream = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
printf ("could not open filen");
return NULL;
}
while((nchr = getline (&words, &chrCount, stream)) != -1) {//read a line from file
char *wtemp = strdup (words); /* copy words, strtok will modify */
char *sp = wtemp; /* save wtemp address, pass sp */
currentWord = strtok(sp, " ");//get first token
while (currentWord != NULL) {//loop through tokens
if((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct node))) == NULL) {
printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.n");
exit(0);
}
temp->word = strdup (currentWord);//allocate memory and copy token to word
if ( head == NULL) {
head = temp;//first structure
}
else {
loop = head;
while ( loop->next != NULL) {//loop to last structure
loop = loop->next;//add structure to end
}
loop->next = temp;
}
currentWord = strtok(NULL, " ");//next token
}
if (wtemp) free (wtemp);
wtemp = NULL;
// chrCount = 0; //so readline will allocate memory for next line (***NOT REQUIED***)
// words = NULL; (***NOT REQUIED***)
}
if (words) free (words);//release memory
if (stream) fclose (stream);
return head;
}
/*
* This function will go through and load the words from the text file and save it to
* the struct and link the current struct to the next one
*/
struct codex *loadCodex(char *filename) {
FILE *stream = NULL;
struct codex *loop = NULL;
struct codex *temp = NULL;
struct codex *head = NULL;
char *words = NULL;
char *currentWord;
char *currentWord2;
size_t chrCount = 0;
ssize_t nchr = 0;
if (( stream = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
printf ("could not open filen");
return NULL;
}
while(getline( &words, &chrCount, stream) > 0) {//read a line from file
while (nchr > 0 && (words[nchr-1] == 'n' || words[nchr-1] == 'r'))
words[--nchr] = 0; /* strip newline or carriage rtn */
char *wtemp = strdup (words); /* copy words, strtok will modify */
char *sp = wtemp; /* save wtemp address, pass sp */
currentWord = strtok(sp, " ");//get first token
currentWord2 = strtok(NULL, "n");
while (currentWord != NULL && currentWord2 != NULL) {//loop through tokens
if((temp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct node))) == NULL) {
printf("ERROR - Could not allocate memory.n");
exit(0);
}
temp->word1 = strdup ( currentWord);//allocate memory and copy token to word
temp->word2 = strdup ( currentWord2);
if (head == NULL) {
head = temp;//first structure
}
else {
loop = head;
while ( loop->next != NULL) {//loop to last structure
loop = loop->next;//add structure to end
}
loop->next = temp;
}
currentWord = strtok(NULL, " ");//next token
}
if (wtemp) free (wtemp);
wtemp = NULL;
// chrCount = 0;//so readline will allocate memory for next line
// words = NULL;
}
if (words) free (words);//release memory
if (stream) fclose (stream);
return head;
}
// struct node *exchange(struct node *head, struct codex *headC) {
// struct node *temp;
// temp = head;
// while(head != NULL && headC != NULL) {
// if(strcmp(head->word, headC->word1)) {
// head->word = realloc(head->word, strlen(headC->word2));
// head->word = headC->word2;
// head->next = temp->next;
// headC = headC->next;
// temp = temp->next;
// }
// }
// }
struct node *exchange(struct node *head, struct codex *headC)
{
struct node *temp = head;
while(temp != NULL)
{
char *wtemp = NULL;
struct codex *tempC = headC;
while (tempC != NULL)
{
if (strcmp(temp->word, tempC->word1) == 0) {
size_t tclen = strlen(tempC->word2);
wtemp = realloc(temp->word, tclen + 1); /* add 1 for null-term */
if (!wtemp) {
fprintf (stderr, "%s() error: realloc failed.n", __func__);
return head;
}
temp->word = wtemp;
memcpy (temp->word, tempC->word2, tclen + 1); /* copies the null-term also */
}
tempC = tempC->next;
}
temp = temp->next;
}
return head;
}
输出
$ ./bin/ll_single_replace_w dat/ll_replace_poem.txt dat/ll_replace_codex.txt
Original:
Eye have a spelling chequer,
It came with my Pea Sea.
It plane lee marks four my revue,
Miss Steaks I can knot sea.
Eye strike the quays and type a whirred,
And weight four it two say,
Weather eye am write oar wrong,
It tells me straight aweigh.
Eye ran this poem threw it,
Your shore real glad two no.
Its vary polished in its weigh.
My chequer tolled me sew.
A chequer is a bless thing,
It freeze yew lodes of thyme.
It helps me right all stiles of righting,
And aides me when eye rime.
Each frays come posed up on my screen,
Eye trussed too bee a joule.
The chequer pours over every word,
Two cheque sum spelling rule.
Exchanged:
I have a spelling chequer,
It came with my P Sea.
It plainly skip marks for my revue,
Mistakes skip I can not sea.
I strike the keys and type a whirred,
And weight for it two say,
Weather I am write oar wrong,
It tells me straight aweigh.
I ran this poem threw it,
Your shore real glad two no.
Its vary polished in its weigh.
My checker tolled me sew.
A checker is a bless thing,
It freeze yew lodes of thyme.
It helps me right all stiles of righting,
And aides me when I rime.
Each frays come posed up on my screen,
I trussed too bee a joule.
The checker pours over every word,
Two cheque sum spelling rule.