在Python 3.7中使用Wikipedia API时的证书错误



当我尝试使用wikipedia api时,我会收到一条证书错误消息。

这是针对助手的,我正在学校计算机上编码,我认为这是由行政管理部门放在那里的,因为我先前使用NPM时会出现证书错误。

这是我正在使用的代码:

    wikiSearch = query.strip("wiki ")
    outputs = wikipedia.summary(wikiSearch, sentences=3)

我认为这会像Python 2.7中一样返回文章的前三个句子,但返回此冗长的错误消息:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 603, in urlopen
    chunked=chunked)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 344, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 843, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connection.py", line 350, in connect
    ssl_context=context)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 355, in ssl_wrap_socket
    return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 412, in wrap_socket
    session=session
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 853, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py", line 1117, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 449, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 641, in urlopen
    _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 399, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='en.wikipedia.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /w/api.php?list=search&srprop=&srlimit=1&limit=1&srsearch=alex&srinfo=suggestion&format=json&action=query (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)')))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "dave.py", line 54, in <module>
    index()
  File "dave.py", line 24, in index
    outputs = wikipedia.summary(wikiSearch, sentences=3)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/util.py", line 28, in __call__
    ret = self._cache[key] = self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 231, in summary
    page_info = page(title, auto_suggest=auto_suggest, redirect=redirect)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 270, in page
    results, suggestion = search(title, results=1, suggestion=True)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/util.py", line 28, in __call__
    ret = self._cache[key] = self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 103, in search
    raw_results = _wiki_request(search_params)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 737, in _wiki_request
    r = requests.get(API_URL, params=params, headers=headers)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 75, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 60, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 533, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 668, in send
    history = [resp for resp in gen] if allow_redirects else []
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 668, in <listcomp>
    history = [resp for resp in gen] if allow_redirects else []
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 247, in resolve_redirects
    **adapter_kwargs
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 646, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 514, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='en.wikipedia.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /w/api.php?list=search&srprop=&srlimit=1&limit=1&srsearch=alex&srinfo=suggestion&format=json&action=query (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1056)')))

编辑:

我现在得到此错误:

  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Desktop/Dave/dave.py", line 84, in <module>
    index()
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Desktop/Dave/dave.py", line 26, in index
    outputs = wikipedia.summary(wikiSearch, sentences=3)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/util.py", line 28, in __call__
    ret = self._cache[key] = self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 231, in summary
    page_info = page(title, auto_suggest=auto_suggest, redirect=redirect)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 270, in page
    results, suggestion = search(title, results=1, suggestion=True)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/util.py", line 28, in __call__
    ret = self._cache[key] = self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 103, in search
    raw_results = _wiki_request(search_params)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/wikipedia/wikipedia.py", line 737, in _wiki_request
    r = requests.get(API_URL, params=params, headers=headers)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 75, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 60, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 533, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 646, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/alexander.hawking/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 510, in send
    raise ProxyError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='myproxy.proxy.com', port=1234): Max retries exceeded with url: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?list=search&srprop=&srlimit=1&limit=1&srsearch=alex&srinfo=suggestion&format=json&action=query (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x10e2d3eb8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 8] nodename nor servname provided, or not known')))

正如您提到的那样,您在使用NPM时遇到了类似的错误,这很可能是由于您的管理的代理设置。

您可以配置任何第三方模块连接到Internet的代理。默认情况下,URLLIB3的urlopen使用环境变量http_proxy来确定要使用哪个HTTP代理。

在运行Python应用程序之前,请在CMD中运行此命令

export http_proxy='http://myproxy.proxy.com:1234'

=======================================================================

如果您不知道代理,则可以尝试使用此解决方法。在运行Python应用程序之前,请在CMD中运行此命令

export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=''

或将这些行添加到您的代码中,以避免每次手动添加环境变量。

import os
os.environ['CURL_CA_BUNDLE'] = ""

如果您要遇到不安全Questwarning,并且想抑制它,则可以做以下内容。

import wikipedia
import os
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
os.environ['CURL_CA_BUNDLE'] = ""
os.environ['PYTHONWARNINGS']="ignore:Unverified HTTPS request"
print(wikipedia.wikipedia.summary("Google"))

我希望这会有所帮助。

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