线程间的反射



我正在使用一个设置,其中一个线程设置多个线程(服务),一起运行它们以模拟系统的运行,然后在最后将它们连接起来并处理终止,等等。我的测试作为其中一个服务运行,并通过JMS与其他服务通信。对于我的一个测试,我需要访问包含在另一个线程中的私有变量。我不能更改在另一个线程中运行的代码,例如,添加访问器方法或让它通过JMS发送变量。由于框架设置的方式,我也没有办法将对我想要访问的服务的引用传递到我的测试服务中。

我知道包含我需要访问的类的线程的名称,我可以通过枚举正在运行的线程来获得对线程的引用,但是我不知道如何从线程中获取任何东西,一旦我得到了它。

是否有一些方法让我使用反射或其他技术来获得对另一个线程中的类的引用?

EDIT:这是我所处情况的一个例子:

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Runner
{
    /**
     * Pretend this is my test class.
     */
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        // this is how my test starts up the system and runs the test
        runTest( TestService.class );
    }
    /**
     * Instantiate the test service and start up all of the threads in the
     * system. Doesn't return until test has completed.
     * 
     * @param testServiceClass
     *            the class that will run the test
     */
    static void runTest( Class<? extends Service> testServiceClass )
    {
        try
        {
            // setup the services
            Service testService =
                    testServiceClass.getConstructor( new Class<?>[] { String.class } )
                            .newInstance( "test service" );
            FixedService fixedService = new FixedService( "fixed service" );
            // start the services
            testService.start();
            fixedService.start();
            // wait for testService to signal that it is done
            System.out.println( "Started threads" );
            while ( !testService.isDone() )
            {
                try
                {
                    Thread.sleep( 1000 );
                }
                catch ( InterruptedException e )
                {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            // stop the fixed service
            fixedService.stop();
            System.out.println( "TestService done, fixed service told to shutdown" );
        }
        catch ( Exception e )
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * I cannot modify this class. Handling of thread start is similar to real
     * system.
     */
    abstract static class Service implements Runnable
    {
        protected boolean isDone = false;
        protected boolean stop = false;
        private Thread thisServiceThread;
        public Service( String name )
        {
            thisServiceThread = new Thread( this, name );
        }
        public boolean isDone()
        {
            return isDone;
        }
        public void start()
        {
            thisServiceThread.start();
        }
        public void stop()
        {
            this.stop = true;
        }
    }
    /**
     * I can modify this class. This is the class that actually runs my test.
     */
    static class TestService extends Service
    {
        public TestService( String name )
        {
            super( name );
        }
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            System.out.println( "TestService: started" );
            // TODO: How can I access FixedService.getMe from where without
            // modifying FixedService?
            try
            {
                Field field = FixedService.class.getDeclaredField( "getMe" );
                field.setAccessible( true );
                System.out.println( field.get( null ) );
            }
            catch ( SecurityException e )
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch ( NoSuchFieldException e )
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch ( IllegalArgumentException e )
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch ( IllegalAccessException e )
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println( "TestService: done" );
            isDone = true;
        }
    }
    /**
     * I cannot modify this class. This is part of the system being tested.
     */
    static class FixedService extends Service
    {
        private boolean getMe = false;
        public FixedService( String name )
        {
            super( name );
        }
        @Override
        public void run()
        {
            System.out.println( "FixedService: started" );
            // don't stop until signaled to do so
            while ( !stop )
            {
                try
                {
                    Thread.sleep( 1000 );
                }
                catch ( InterruptedException e )
                {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println( "FixedService: gotMe? " + getMe );
            System.out.println( "FixedService: done" );
            isDone = true;
        }
    }
}

正如Hemal Pandya所说,如果您想实际读取或操作字段,您将需要服务对象,而不仅仅是类。

假设您需要的Object是线程上设置的Runnable,这是可能的,使用一些非常肮脏的反射技巧。您必须使用私有成员访问hack从线程中获取target字段,然后再次使用它来访问您需要在可运行对象本身上的字段。

下面是一些示例代码。请注意,我在这里并没有真正考虑线程同步问题(尽管我不确定是否可能正确同步这种类型的访问)

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class SSCCE {
    static class T extends Thread {
        private int i;
        public T(int i) {
            this.i = i;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true) {
                System.out.println("T: " + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }
    static class R implements Runnable {
        private int i;
        public R(int i) {
            this.i = i;
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true) {
                System.out.println("R: " + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread t1 = new T(1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new R(2));
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // ignore
        }
        setI(t1,3);
        setI(t2,4);
    }
    static void setI(Thread t, int newVal) {
        // Secret sauce here...
        try {
            Field fTarget = Thread.class.getDeclaredField("target");
            fTarget.setAccessible(true);
            Runnable r = (Runnable) fTarget.get(t);
            // This handles the case that the service overrides the run() method
            // in the thread instead of setting the target runnable
            if (r == null) r = t;
            Field fI = r.getClass().getDeclaredField("i");
            fI.setAccessible(true);
            fI.setInt(r, newVal);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这不是Thread,而是Object,你必须得到的变量。试着想出一个控制线程和被控制线程的小代码示例,它会变得更清晰。

访问私有成员是比较容易的部分。

编辑:从Thread.getId()Runnable使用Map。当你想检查一个线程时,识别可运行线程,并使用反射。由于同步问题,您可能无法获得最新值。

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