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EclipseLink 错误:实体类未指定主键.它应该定义@Id、@EmbeddedId或@IdClass



我正在尝试让EclipseLink与Spring（MVC和spring-data）版本3.1.1一起使用，我从一开始就遇到了问题。启动 Tomcat （v7.0） 时会出现以下错误。我已经搜索了错误，但想出的很少，我不确定下一步该去哪里。在将接口与实体类一起使用时，有一些关于此问题的讨论，但正如您所看到的，我的User.java类没有扩展任何内容。

    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
    INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:Javajdk1.6.0_29bin;C:WindowsSunJavabin;C:Windowssystem32;C:Windows;C:/Java/jdk1.5.0_22/bin/../jre/bin/server;C:/Java/jdk1.5.0_22/bin/../jre/bin;C:/Java/jdk1.5.0_22/bin/../jre/lib/amd64;C:oracleproduct10.2.0client_1bin;C:Javajdk1.5.0_22bin;c:windowssystem32;c:windows;c:windowssystem32wbem;c:windowssystem32windowspowershellv1.0;C:Program FilesTortoiseSVNbin;C:Program Files (x86)Apache Software Foundationapache-ant-1.7.0bin;C:Program FilesSlikSvnbin;C:JAD;C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.5bin;C:mavenapache-maven-3.0.4bin;C:eclipse;;.
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.SetPropertiesRule begin
    WARNING: [SetPropertiesRule]{Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context} Setting property 'source' to 'org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:proxi' did not find a matching property.
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
    INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8980"]
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
    INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8909"]
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
    INFO: Initialization processed in 842 ms
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
    INFO: Starting service Catalina
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:34 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
    INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.22
    Apr 25, 2012 5:18:35 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
    INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
    INFO : org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started
    INFO : org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext - Refreshing Root WebApplicationContext: startup date [Wed Apr 25 17:18:35 CEST 2012]; root of context hierarchy
    INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml]
    INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@e8ae59a: defining beans [userService,entityManagerFactory,dataSource,txManager]; root of factory hierarchy
    INFO : org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource - Loaded JDBC driver: org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
    INFO : org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean - Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
    [EL Config]: 2012-04-25 17:18:36.484--ServerSession(1353906974)--Thread(Thread[Thread-2,5,main])--The access type for the persistent class [class com.proxi.user.User] is set to [FIELD].
    [EL Config]: 2012-04-25 17:18:36.552--ServerSession(1353906974)--Thread(Thread[Thread-2,5,main])--The alias name for the entity class [class com.proxi.user.User] is being defaulted to: User.
    INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@e8ae59a: defining beans [userService,entityManagerFactory,dataSource,txManager]; root of factory hierarchy
    ERROR: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed
    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Exception [EclipseLink-28018] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.EntityManagerSetupException
    Exception Description: Predeployment of PersistenceUnit [default] failed.
    Internal Exception: Exception [EclipseLink-7161] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ValidationException
    Exception Description: Entity class [class com.proxi.user.User] has no primary key specified. It should define either an @Id, @EmbeddedId or an @IdClass. If you have defined PK using any of these annotations then make sure that you do not have mixed access-type (both fields and properties annotated) in your entity class hierarchy.
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1455)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:385)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:284)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
    Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: Exception [EclipseLink-28018] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.EntityManagerSetupException
    Exception Description: Predeployment of PersistenceUnit [default] failed.
    Internal Exception: Exception [EclipseLink-7161] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ValidationException
    Exception Description: Entity class [class com.proxi.user.User] has no primary key specified. It should define either an @Id, @EmbeddedId or an @IdClass. If you have defined PK using any of these annotations then make sure that you do not have mixed access-type (both fields and properties annotated) in your entity class hierarchy.
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerSetupImpl.predeploy(EntityManagerSetupImpl.java:1127)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(PersistenceProvider.java:187)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:268)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:310)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1514)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1452)
        ... 20 more
    Caused by: Exception [EclipseLink-28018] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.EntityManagerSetupException
    Exception Description: Predeployment of PersistenceUnit [default] failed.
    Internal Exception: Exception [EclipseLink-7161] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ValidationException
    Exception Description: Entity class [class com.proxi.user.User] has no primary key specified. It should define either an @Id, @EmbeddedId or an @IdClass. If you have defined PK using any of these annotations then make sure that you do not have mixed access-type (both fields and properties annotated) in your entity class hierarchy.
        at org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.EntityManagerSetupException.predeployFailed(EntityManagerSetupException.java:210)
        ... 26 more
    Caused by: Exception [EclipseLink-7161] (Eclipse Persistence Services - 2.2.0.v20110202-r8913): org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ValidationException
    Exception Description: Entity class [class com.proxi.user.User] has no primary key specified. It should define either an @Id, @EmbeddedId or an @IdClass. If you have defined PK using any of these annotations then make sure that you do not have mixed access-type (both fields and properties annotated) in your entity class hierarchy.
        at org.eclipse.persistence.exceptions.ValidationException.noPrimaryKeyAnnotationsFound(ValidationException.java:1352)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.metadata.accessors.classes.EntityAccessor.validatePrimaryKey(EntityAccessor.java:1325)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.metadata.accessors.classes.EntityAccessor.processMappingAccessors(EntityAccessor.java:1070)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.metadata.accessors.classes.EntityAccessor.process(EntityAccessor.java:603)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.metadata.MetadataProject.processStage2(MetadataProject.java:1541)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.metadata.MetadataProcessor.processORMMetadata(MetadataProcessor.java:485)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.deployment.PersistenceUnitProcessor.processORMetadata(PersistenceUnitProcessor.java:454)
        at org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerSetupImpl.predeploy(EntityManagerSetupImpl.java:1081)
...
...
...

这是我的用户.java类：

/**
 * 
 */
package com.proxi.user;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
/**
 * Represents an application user.
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "first_name")
    private String firstName;
    @Column(name = "last_name")
    private String lastName;
    // /////// GETTERS AND SETTERS ///////////
    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }
    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }
    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }
    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

我有一个根上下文.xml文件，我在其中声明组件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans 
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
    <!-- Root Context: defines shared resources visible to all other web components -->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.proxi.user.UserService" />    
    <!-- Starting with Spring 3.1, the persistence.xml XML file is no longer necessary. 
         The LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean now supports a ‘packagesToScan’ property where the packages to scan 
         for @Entity classes can be specified. -->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
       <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
       <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.proxi.user" />
       <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
          <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.EclipseLinkJpaVendorAdapter">
             <property name="showSql" value="true" />
             <property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
             <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.eclipse.persistence.platform.database.HSQLPlatform" />
          </bean>
       </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
       <property name="driverClassName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver" />
       <property name="url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:file:Usersnly31175hsqldb;shutdown=true" />
       <property name="username" value="proxi" />
       <property name="password" value="" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
       <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

您导入了错误的@Id注释。 删除 Spring 的，添加 javax.persistence 的。

取代

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;

跟

import javax.persistence.Id;

尽管在这种情况下接受的答案是正确的，但在使用 Glassfish/EclipseLink 时，此错误可能还有另一个原因：EclipseLink <2.6.0 有一个令人讨厌的错误，导致包含 lambda 表达式的类被忽略。这可能会导致令人困惑的错误，就像这里提到的错误，或其他类似的错误（例如，EclipseLink 可能会告诉您具有@Entity注解的类不是实体）。

Glassfish

4.1 包含 EclipseLink 2.5.x，所以如果使用 Glassfish，这个错误（以及许多其他错误）会咬你。由于另一个错误导致无法在 REST Web 服务中使用验证，我使用此版本而不是 4.1.1。如果你想保持理智，尽可能远离玻璃鱼。

使用 Java-8，将 EclipseLink 至少升级到 2.6.0 。

除了 POJO 之外，我在添加任何自定义 get/构造函数时遇到了问题。

版本升级有所帮助。

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