如何在 python 中从单个类继承类的多个实例

Question

>免责声明：我是编程新手，刚刚开始学习类和继承，所以也许是我缺乏理解导致了我的问题？

我在单独的文件中创建了两个类person.py和address.py。

人员类继承自地址类，但一个人可以有多个地址(邮政地址、物理地址等(。如何为每种类型继承地址类的多个实例。

我的目标是最终为未来的项目提供一个公共类库，因此非常感谢有关此概念的任何帮助或建设性意见。

我希望能够创建类似于以下代码的东西，其中邮政地址和物理地址都使用Address类：

employee = Person()
employee.set_postal_address("342 Gravelpit Terrace","Bedrock")
employee.set_physical_address("742 Evergreen Tce", "Springfield")

下面是我的代码，我没有在Person()类中创建任何对Address()的引用，因为我不确定如何实现这一点？

# address.py
class Address:
def __init__(self):
self.__line1 = None
self.__line2 = None
self.__town_city = None
self.__post_code = None
self.__state_region = None
self.__country = None
# Line 1
def get_line1(self):
return self.__line1
def set_line1(self, line1):
self.__line1 = line1
#etc....

# person.py
from address import * 
class Person(Address):
def __init__(self):
self.__first_name = None
self.__last_name = None
self.__postal_address = []
self.__physical_adress = []

def set_postal_address(self):
# use the address class 
# return a list of address values
self.__postal_address = []
def set_physical_address(self):
# use the address class 
# return a list of address values
self.__physical_address = []  
#etc...

任何帮助将不胜感激。 如果有更好的处理方法，请告诉我。

Answer 1

创建类Person时，您不必继承Address。实现目标的一种方法是在Person类中初始化Address类对象。

# address.py
class Address:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self.__line1 = kwargs.get('__line1')
self.__line2 = kwargs.get('__line2')
self.__town_city = kwargs.get('__town_city')
self.__post_code = kwargs.get('__post_code')
self.__state_region = kwargs.get('__state_region')
self.__country = kwargs.get('__country')
# Line 1
def get_line1(self):
return self.__line1
def set_line1(self, line1):
self.__line1 = line1
#etc....

# person.py
from address import * 
class Person:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self.__first_name = kwargs.get('__first_name')
self.__last_name = kwargs.get('__last_name')
self.__postal_address = None
self.__physical_address = None

def set_postal_address(self, **kwargs):
# use the address class 
self.__postal_address = Address(**kwargs)
def set_physical_address(self, **kwargs):
# use the address class 
self.__physical_address = Address(**kwargs)
#etc...

这允许您防止继承的方法在给定的类对象中变得混乱，但仍允许您保持良好的类结构。

然后，您可以执行以下操作：

bob=Person(__first_name='Bob', __last_name='Smith')
bob.set_postal_address(__line1='42 Wallaby Way', __town_city='Sydney')
# Since we are using kwargs.get() any not specified Kwarg comes out as None.
# Now `__postal_address` is its own Address class and comes with Address methods
bob.__postal_address.set__line2('Apt 3B')

现在，有时您希望从更高级别的类继承常用方法。您可以在此处阅读有关python类的更多信息：(https://docs.python.org/3.6/tutorial/classes.html(