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运行Spring MVC测试时出现NoSuchMethod错误



我正在尝试按照Spring in Action（第4版）第5章中的示例来创建自己的项目。 （仍然是企业级东西的新手）我使用的是Windows 7 PC，Java 7，Spring 4和Maven。当我运行我的ClinicalNoteControllerTest时，测试失败，在特定行上出现NoSuchMethod错误。但是我研究了这行，它似乎写得正确。它绝对遵循书中的例子。我已经调试过，但在那里找不到任何东西。我想知道我的pom.xml文件中是否有正确的配置？

你们总是非常乐于助人，我将不胜感激你能在这里找到解决方案的任何帮助。但我也想自己成为一个更好的故障排除者，而不是每次遇到颠簸时都跑到堆栈溢出。因此，您可以就如何自己解决此问题提供的任何提示将不胜感激。

这是测试：

package com.kwalker.practicewellness;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.data.ClinicalNoteRepository;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.domain.ClinicalNote;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.web.ClinicalNoteController;
public class ClinicalNoteControllerTest {
@Test
public void shouldShowRecentClinicalNotes() throws Exception {
    List<ClinicalNote> expectedClinicalNotes = createClinicalNoteList(20);
    ClinicalNoteRepository mockNoteRepository = mock(ClinicalNoteRepository.class);
    when(mockNoteRepository.findClinicalNotes(Long.MAX_VALUE, 20)).thenReturn(expectedClinicalNotes);
    ClinicalNoteController noteController = new ClinicalNoteController(mockNoteRepository);
    MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(noteController).setSingleView(
            new InternalResourceView("/WEB-INF/views/clinicalNotes.jsp")).build();
    mockMvc.perform(get("/clinical-notes"))
        .andExpect(view().name("clinicalNotes"))
        .andExpect(model().attributeExists("clinicalNoteList"))
        .andExpect(model().attribute("clinicalNoteList", hasItems(expectedClinicalNotes.toArray())));
}
private List<ClinicalNote> createClinicalNoteList(int count) {
    List<ClinicalNote> clinicalNotes = new ArrayList<ClinicalNote>();
    for (int i=0; i < count; i++) {
        clinicalNotes.add(new ClinicalNote("Note " + i, new Date()));
    }
    return clinicalNotes;
}
}

以下是ClinicalNoteController：

package com.kwalker.practicewellness.web;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.kwalker.practicewellness.data.ClinicalNoteRepository;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/clinical-notes")
public class ClinicalNoteController {
private ClinicalNoteRepository noteRepository;
@Autowired
public ClinicalNoteController(ClinicalNoteRepository noteRepository) {
    this.noteRepository = noteRepository;
}
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String clinicalNotes(Model model) {
    model.addAttribute("clinicalNoteList", noteRepository.findClinicalNotes(Long.MAX_VALUE, 20));
    return "clinicalNotes";
}
}

以下是运行测试时在控制台上打印的内容：

INFO : org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StandaloneMockMvcBuilder$StaticRequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped "{[/clinical-notes],methods=[GET],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String com.kwalker.practicewellness.web.ClinicalNoteController.clinicalNotes(org.springframework.ui.Model)
INFO : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter - Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.StubWebApplicationContext@41494678
INFO : org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext - Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
INFO : org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet - FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
INFO : org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet - FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 16 ms

以下是故障跟踪：

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.hamcrest.Matcher.describeMismatch(Ljava/lang/Object;Lorg/hamcrest/Description;)V
at org.hamcrest.core.IsCollectionContaining.matchesSafely(IsCollectionContaining.java:31)
at org.hamcrest.core.IsCollectionContaining.matchesSafely(IsCollectionContaining.java:14)
at org.hamcrest.TypeSafeDiagnosingMatcher.matches(TypeSafeDiagnosingMatcher.java:55)
at org.hamcrest.core.AllOf.matches(AllOf.java:24)
at org.springframework.test.util.MatcherAssertionErrors.assertThat(MatcherAssertionErrors.java:65)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ModelResultMatchers$1.match(ModelResultMatchers.java:56)
at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:152)
at com.kwalker.practicewellness.ClinicalNoteControllerTest.shouldShowRecentClinicalNotes(ClinicalNoteControllerTest.java:39)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

这是我的POM文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.kwalker</groupId>
<artifactId>practicewellness</artifactId>
<name>Practice Wellness</name>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
    <java-version>1.7</java-version>
    <org.springframework-version>4.1.4.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
    <org.aspectj-version>1.6.10</org.aspectj-version>
    <org.slf4j-version>1.6.6</org.slf4j-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
             </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- AspectJ -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
        <version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
    </dependency>   
    <!-- Logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.15</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
                <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
                <artifactId>jms</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
                <artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
                <artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- @Inject -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
        <version>1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Servlet -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Test -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.7</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency> 
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
        <version>1.10.19</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
        <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
        <version>1.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Misc -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.9</version>
            <configuration>
                <additionalProjectnatures>
                    <projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
                </additionalProjectnatures>
                <additionalBuildcommands>
                    <buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
                </additionalBuildcommands>
                <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
                <downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.7</source>
                <target>1.7</target>
                <compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
                <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                <showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <mainClass>org.test.int1.Main</mainClass>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

这是我的 Web 应用初始值设定项：

package com.kwalker.practicewellness.config;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class WellnessWebAppInitializer extends
    AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
    return new Class<?>[] { RootConfig.class };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
    return new Class<?>[] { WebConfig.class };
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
    return new String[] { "/" };
}
}

这是我的WebConfig文件：

package com.kwalker.practicewellness.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.kwalker.practicewellness.web")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
    InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
    resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
    resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
    return resolver;
}
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
    configurer.enable();
}
}

下面是 RootConfig 类：

package com.kwalker.practicewellness.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan.Filter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages={"com.kwalker.practicewellness"}, 
            excludeFilters={@Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION, value=EnableWebMvc.class)})
public class RootConfig {
}

这个确切的问题在 Ted Vinke 2013 年 12 月的博客中得到了解决： 混合 JUnit、Hamcrest 和 Mockito

我使用此页面上给出的代码来修改我的POM文件（这基本上涉及重新排列mockito，junit和hamcrest，并在mockito依赖项上排除hamcrest）。重要提示：我使用的是这些资源的最新版本，直到我使POM文件中的版本与该链接页面上显示的版本匹配，该修复程序才起作用。以下是链接中的文字：

这可能是由于 JUnit 本身带来了自己的 Hamcrest 版本作为传递依赖项。现在，如果您使用的是JUnit 4.11，它将取决于Hamcrest 1.3。获得上述错误会很奇怪 - 因为 describeMismatch 方法存在于 org.hamcrest.Matcher 接口中。似乎有一个旧版本的org.hamcrest.Matcher存在于org.junit.Assert.assertThat委托的类路径上。如果您从 Eclipse 或 IntelliJ 运行它，则 IDE 很有可能使用自己的 JUnit 版本而不是您的 Maven 依赖项。

文章继续说：

如果我们在 Eclipse 中寻找 Matcher 类，例如，我们可以看到 mockito-all-1.9.5.jar 中也有一个。由于向后兼容性的原因，似乎 mockito-all 与 JUnit 4.11 不兼容。Hamcrest 版本 1.1 Matcher 已打包在依赖项中，因此我们不能排除它。幸运的是，Mockito允许我们使用mockito核心依赖项而不是mockito-all。运行依赖关系检查（使用依赖：树或在线）向我们显示它取决于hamcrest-core.....我们可以在pom中排除它.xml并且 - 不再有NoSuchMethodError。在我们的例子中，这是依赖项的最终组合：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.5</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.11</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    <artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
    <version>1.3</version>
</dependency>

我刚刚遇到了类似的问题，我试图跟踪 junit、mockito 和 hamcrest 作为依赖项导入的位置，以了解发生了哪些变化（我们没有以任何方式更改代码）。

我们发现了一个"RELEASE"值作为pom依赖项的版本（来自org.springframework的spring-test）。所以看起来这个依赖项的新版本与其他库不兼容。删除版本标记后，问题已解决。在那之后，我们甚至删除了 depedence，因为它已经包含在其他依赖项中。

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