我正在进行理想的气体理论模拟项目，我想问您在按下箭头时如何添加所有粒子的速度。因为在我的代码中，它不起作用。
我尝试在初始过程和循环中添加速度，但没有任何可行。
您可以立即看到我要做的事情。
编辑以获取更多理解
对不起，如果我不放英文
import pygame, sys, random, math
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()
#colour
white = [255,255,255]
black = [0,0,0]
red = [255,0,0]
green = [0,255,0]
blue = [0,0,255]
#setup window
(width,height)=(800,600)
window=pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))
pygame.display.set_caption('ideal gas')
#setup fps window
FPS=30
clock=pygame.time.Clock()
def bounceparticle(p1,p2):
dx=p1.x-p2.x
dy=p1.y-p2.y
distance=math.hypot(dx,dy)
if distance<p1.size+p2.size:
tangent=math.atan2(dy,dx)
angle=0.5*math.pi+tangent
angle1=2*tangent-p1.angle
angle2=2*tangent-p2.angle
speed1=p2.speed+p2.fire #so that every bounce increases speed
speed2=p1.speed+p1.fire #so that every bounce increases speed
(p1.angle, p1.speed) = (angle1, speed1)
(p2.angle, p2.speed) = (angle2, speed2)
p1.x += math.sin(angle)
p1.y -= math.cos(angle)
p2.x -= math.sin(angle)
p2.y += math.cos(angle)
#partikel
class Partikel:
def __init__(self,(x,y)):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.size = 4
self.speed = 0
self.angle = 0
self.colour = blue #it need a recursion function to define changing particle's colour
self.fire = 0
def partikel_on_windows(self):
pygame.draw.circle(window,self.colour,[int(self.x),int(self.y)],self.size)
def move(self):
self.x += math.sin(self.angle) * self.speed
self.y -= math.cos(self.angle) * self.speed
#self.speed += self.fire #it can increase the speed but it takes 100 times pressed arrow up keyboard
def bounce(self):
if self.x>=width-self.size:
self.x=2*(width-self.size)-self.x
self.angle=-self.angle
self.speed += self.fire
elif self.x<=self.size:
self.x=2*self.size-self.x
self.angle=-self.angle
self.speed += self.fire
if self.y>=height-50-self.size:
self.y=2*(height-50-self.size)-self.y
self.angle=math.pi-self.angle
self.speed += self.fire
elif self.y<=self.size:
self.y=2*self.size-self.y
self.angle=math.pi-self.angle
self.speed += self.fire
number_of_particles = 200
myparticle = []
for n in range(number_of_particles):
centralpoint = random.randint(10,50)
x = random.randint(centralpoint,width-centralpoint)
y = random.randint(centralpoint,height-centralpoint)
partikel=Partikel((x,y))
partikel.angle=random.uniform(0,math.pi*2)
partikel.speed = 2
#partikel.fire = 0 #it can increase the speed but it takes 100 times pressed arrow up keyboard
#partikel.colour= [0,0,[255-partikel.speed]] #can't change the colour
myparticle.append(partikel)
# main game loop
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
pygame.key.set_repeat(1,50)
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_UP:
partikel.fire += 5
if event.key == K_DOWN:
partikel.fire -= 5
"""if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == K_UP:
partikel.fire = 0
if event.key == K_DOWN:
partikel.fire = 0"""
window.fill(black)
#partikel.fire = 1 #still can't
for i in range(len(myparticle)):
partikel = myparticle[i]
partikel.move()
partikel.bounce()
partikel.partikel_on_windows()
#partikel.fire = 0 #can't controling from keyboard
#partikel.colour= [0,0,[255-partikel.speed]]
for partikel2 in myparticle[i+1:]:
bounceparticle(partikel,partikel2)
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(FPS)
您必须添加到列表中的每个粒子。
我使用使用键更改的变量speed，然后将其添加到循环中的每个粒子：
for i in range(len(partikel_ku)):
partikel.cepat += speed
每次点击都会增加/降低速度。
完整代码：
import pygame
import random
import math
import sys
# --- constants ---- (UPPER_CASE_NAMES)
PUTIH = (255, 255, 255)
HITAM = (0, 0, 0)
MERAH = (255, 0, 0)
HIJAU = (0, 255, 0)
BIRU = (0, 0, 255)
LEBAR = 800
TINGGI = 600
FPS = 30
# --- classes --- (CamelCaseNames)
class Partikel:
def __init__(self, pos):
x, y = pos
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.size = 4
self.cepat = 0
self.sudut = 0
self.warna = BIRU
self.api = 0
def partikel_di_layar(self):
pygame.draw.circle(jendela, self.warna, [int(self.x), int(self.y)], self.size)
def gerak(self):
self.x += math.sin(self.sudut) * self.cepat
self.y -= math.cos(self.sudut) * self.cepat
def mantul(self):
if self.x >= LEBAR-self.size:
self.x = 2 * (LEBAR-self.size) - self.x
self.sudut = -self.sudut
elif self.x <= self.size:
self.x = 2 * self.size - self.x
self.sudut = -self.sudut
if self.y >= TINGGI - 50 - self.size:
self.y = 2 * (TINGGI - 50 - self.size) - self.y
self.sudut = math.pi - self.sudut
elif self.y <= self.size:
self.y = 2 * self.size - self.y
self.sudut = math.pi - self.sudut
# --- functions --- (lower_case_names)
def pantulan(p1, p2):
dx = p1.x - p2.x
dy = p1.y - p2.y
jarak = math.hypot(dx,dy)
if jarak < p1.size + p2.size:
tangen = math.atan2(dy, dx)
sudut = 0.5 * math.pi + tangen
sudut1 = 2 * tangen - p1.sudut
sudut2 = 2 * tangen - p2.sudut
cepat1 = p2.cepat + p2.api
cepat2 = p1.cepat + p1.api
p1.sudut = sudut1
p1.cepat = cepat1
p2.sudut = sudut2
p2.cepat = cepat2
p1.x += math.sin(sudut)
p1.y -= math.cos(sudut)
p2.x -= math.sin(sudut)
p2.y += math.cos(sudut)
# --- main ---
bnyk_partikel = 100
partikel_ku = []
# - init -
pygame.init()
jendela = pygame.display.set_mode((LEBAR, TINGGI))
pygame.display.set_caption('Animasi Bola')
pygame.key.set_repeat(1, 50)
# - objects -
for n in range(bnyk_partikel):
cp = random.randint(10, 50)
x = random.randint(cp, LEBAR - cp)
y = random.randint(cp, TINGGI - cp)
partikel = Partikel((x,y))
partikel.sudut = random.uniform(0, math.pi*2)
partikel.cepat = 2
partikel_ku.append(partikel)
speed = 0
# - mainloop -
clock=pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
speed += 1
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
speed -= 1
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
speed = 0
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
speed = 0
jendela.fill(HITAM)
#partikel.api = 1 #masih g bisa
for i in range(len(partikel_ku)):
partikel = partikel_ku[i]
partikel.cepat += speed
partikel.gerak()
partikel.mantul()
partikel.partikel_di_layar()
partikel.api = 1 #tak bisa dipanggil dari kontrol keyboard
#partikel.warna= [0,0,[255-partikel.cepat]]
for partikel2 in partikel_ku[i+1:]:
pantulan(partikel,partikel2)
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(FPS)
btw：阅读PEP 8- python代码的样式指南